Cells

• Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells are much smaller in comparison to eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotes have a cytoplasm and cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall
• The genetic material in a prokaryotic cell is not enclosed in a nucleus but has a single DNA loop and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
• The nucleus contains the genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• The mitochondria is where aerobic respiration takes place which transfers energy that the cell needs to function
• The cytoplasm is where most of the chemical reactions take place and it contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions
• The cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what enters and exits the cell
• The ribosomes are where protein synthesis occurs and proteins are made
• The chloroplasts in a plant cell is where photosynthesis occurs and it contains chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
• The permanent vacuole in a plant cell is filled with cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts
• Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose which strengthens the cell
• Bacteria cells are prokaryotic
• Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic
• Bacteria cells do not have chloroplasts nor mitochondria
• In bacterial cells the circular strand of DNA can float freely in the cytoplasm
• Animal cell

  
• Plant cell