Perio - Ultrasonic Scalers

• How do ultrasonic machines differ from air scalers?

  Ultrasonic machines use vibrations, air scalers do not
• What are the main components of an ultrasonic unit?

  • Electric power generator
  • Handpiece
  • Insert with a working tip
• What does the generator in an ultrasonic unit do?

  Delivers electric power to the handpiece
• What happens when the copper coil in the handpiece is activated?

  It generates movement in the insert stack
• How many mechanical strokes does the ultrasonic unit generate per second?

  Approximately 25,000 strokes per second
• What is the amplitude of vibratory movement in the tip?

  About 0.006 - 0.1 mm
• What effect does the vibrational energy have on calculus deposits?

  It dislodges them from the tooth surface
• Why is water circulated within the handpiece?

  To cool the vibrating tip and produce spray
• What is the cavitation effect in ultrasonic scalers?

  Imploding vacuum bubbles disrupt plaque and calculus
• How do ultrasonic scalers differ from sonic scalers?

  Sonic scalers have lower vibration frequency
• What is the vibration frequency of sonic scalers?

  Usually less than 16,000 cycles per second
• What are the applications of ultrasonic scalers?

  • Supragingival and subgingival instrumentation
  • Effective in removing large plaque and calculus
  • Useful in cases of profuse gingival bleeding
  • Less pain for patients during treatment
• Why might patients experience less pain during ultrasonic instrumentation?

  Ultrasonic scalers may be gentler on tissues
• What advantage do hand instruments offer compared to ultrasonic scalers?

  Better tactile sensitivity for the operator
• Why is it beneficial to use hand instruments when learning about periodontal pockets?

  They help build a mental 'map' of the pocket
• What is the general outcome for skilled operators using ultrasonic versus hand instruments?

  Both achieve the same clinical results
• What are the steps to use the ultrasonic scaler?

  1. Turn on the instrument and check water reservoir.
  2. Operate using the foot pedal.
  3. Connect the barrel to the machine.
  4. Adjust water supply and fill barrel.
  5. Insert the tip and check for spray.
  6. Adjust power and water spray as needed.
  7. Remove tip when not in use.
• What should you do if you cannot adjust the spray of the ultrasonic scaler?

  Ask for help before using it
• What is the recommended power setting for the ultrasonic scaler?

  Should not exceed '50%' power
• What should you do with the ultrasonic tip when not in use?

  Remove it or place it horizontally
• How should the ultrasonic instrument tip be used during treatment?

  Keep it in motion with a light brushing stroke
• What should be avoided to prevent damage to the tooth during ultrasonic scaling?

  Avoid using the tip at 90 degrees