Crime Prevention

• main focus on control, containment and punishment to deter crime
• target hardening: greater use of prison and ensuring punishments follow soon after an offense to maximise their deterrence
• Wilson and Kelling 1982: Broken window theory-

  essential to maintain an orderly character of a neighbourhood to prevent crime taking
• Young 2011: zero tolerence policing in New York a 'success', peddled by politicians and police to take the credit for falling crime
• Crime rate in New York already been failing 9 years before zero tolerence and also falling in other US cities that weren't using zero tolerence
• Young 2011: New York's shortage of serious crime led police to 'define deviance up' and arrested people for minor deviant acts
• Criticisms of Zero Tolerence:

  1. preoccupied with petty street crime and ignores corporate crime
  2. gave police free rein to discriminate
  3. led to displacement of crime to other areas