Acylation

• Acyl group = RCO-X

  e.g. esters, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides
• Naming acid chlorides

  It is ethanoyl chloride

  
• Naming acid chlorides

  This is 2-ethylpentanoyl chloride

  
• Naming esters

  Its the alcohol first then the carboxylic acid so CH3COOC2H5 is ethyl ethanoate
• Acid hydrides naming

  This would be ethanoic anhydride

  
• Acid hydrides naming

  This would be butanoic propanoic anhydride

  
• The mechanism that acyl groups go through when reacting with either water, alcohol or ammonia is called nucleophilic addition elimination
• They can also react with amines in a nucleophilic addition elimination reaction to for N-substituded amides
• In industries, acid anhydrides are preferred to acid chlorides because

  • Its safer (HCl is a corrosive gas)
  • Carboxylic acids can be used so it's 100% atom economy
  • It's cheaper