Bioenergetics

• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Temperature, light intensity, CO2 concentration, chlorophyll
• How can students measure the rate of photosynthesis?

  By calculating and measuring photosynthesis rates
• What should students do with graphs of photosynthesis rates?

  Extract and interpret data involving one factor
• What is the inverse square law in the context of photosynthesis?

  Light intensity decreases with distance squared
• What is the significance of limiting factors in photosynthesis?

  They determine the maximum rate of photosynthesis
• How do limiting factors relate to greenhouse economics?

  They help maximize photosynthesis while maintaining profit
• What are the uses of glucose produced in photosynthesis?

  • Used for respiration
  • Converted to insoluble starch for storage
  • Used to produce fat or oil for storage
  • Used to produce cellulose for cell walls
  • Used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
• What do plants need to produce proteins?

  Nitrate ions absorbed from the soil
• What is cellular respiration described as?

  An exothermic reaction in living cells
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• What are the chemical symbols for glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water?

  C6H12O6, O2, CO2, H2O
• What is anaerobic respiration in muscles represented by?

  glucose → lactic acid
• What is the difference in energy transfer between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic transfers more energy than anaerobic
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

  Fermentation
• What happens during exercise in the human body?

  Heart rate and breathing rate increase
• What causes lactic acid buildup during exercise?

  Insufficient oxygen supply to muscles
• What is oxygen debt?

  Extra oxygen needed after exercise
• What is metabolism?

  The sum of all reactions in a cell
• What processes are included in metabolism?

  • Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen, cellulose
  • Formation of lipids from glycerol and fatty acids
  • Formation of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions
  • Respiration
  • Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea
• What are signs of plant diseases?

  Stunted growth, spots, decay, growths
• How can plant diseases be identified?

  Using gardening manuals or laboratory tests
• What are examples of plant pathogens?

  Tobacco mosaic virus, black spot, aphids
• What causes stunted growth in plants?

  Nitrate deficiency
• What causes chlorosis in plants?

  Magnesium deficiency
• What ions are important for plant growth?

  Nitrate and magnesium ions