Blood Glucose and Hormones

• What is the first step to reduce blood glucose?

  Blood with too much glucose
• What does insulin do to glucose in the liver?

  Turns glucose into glycogen for storage
• What detects high blood glucose levels?

  Pancreas
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

  Causes glucose to move into cells
• What is the last step in reducing blood glucose?

  Blood glucose reduced
• What is the first step to increase blood glucose?

  Blood with too little glucose
• What does glucagon do in the liver?

  Turns glycogen into glucose for release
• What is secreted by the pancreas to increase blood glucose?

  Glucagon
• What happens when there is too little glucose but glucagon is present?

  Too little glucose but glucagon as well
• How do insulin and glucagon work together?

  In a negative feedback cycle
• What is Type 1 diabetes characterized by?

  Pancreas produces little or no insulin
• What is a key characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?

  Cells no longer respond to insulin properly
• What does adrenaline do in response to fear or stress?

  Increases supply of O₂ and glucose to muscles
• What effect does adrenaline have on heart rate?

  Increases heart rate
• What can happen to blood glucose levels due to diabetes?

  Can rise to dangerously high levels
• What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

  Insulin injections
• What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes?

  Carbohydrate-controlled diet and regular exercise
• What role does thyroxine play in the body?

  Regulates basal metabolic rate and protein synthesis
• What is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• How are thyroxine levels controlled?

  By negative feedback
• What are the five steps to reduce blood glucose?

  1. Blood with too much glucose
  2. Pancreas detects high blood glucose and secretes insulin
  3. Insulin causes glucose to move into cells
  4. Insulin makes the liver turn glucose into glycogen
  5. Blood glucose reduced
• What are the five steps to increase blood glucose?

  1. Blood with too little glucose
  2. Glucagon secreted by the pancreas
  3. Too little glucose but glucagon as well
  4. Glucagon makes the liver turn glycogen into glucose
  5. Blood glucose increased
• What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  Type 1:

  • Pancreas produces little or no insulin

  
  

  Type 2:

  • Cells no longer respond to insulin properly
  • Often associated with obesity
• What are the effects of adrenaline on the body?

  • Increases supply of O₂ and glucose to muscles
  • Increases heart rate
  • Prepares body for 'fight or flight'
• What is the role of thyroxine in the body?

  • Regulates basal metabolic rate
  • Important for protein synthesis
  • Essential for growth and development