Radioactivity and particles

Cards (124)

  • What is the structure of the nucleus in an atom?
    A central nucleus made of protons and neutrons
  • What are protons and neutrons collectively called?
    Nucleons
  • What is the charge of protons?
    Positive charge
  • What is the relative charge of neutrons?
    Zero
  • How does the mass of a proton compare to a neutron?
    They have similar mass
  • How do electrons orbit the nucleus?
    At high speed
  • What is the charge of electrons?
    Negative charge
  • How does the mass of an electron compare to a proton?
    About 1,800 times smaller
  • What is the relative mass of a proton?
    1,800
  • What is the relative mass of an electron?
    1
  • What determines the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom?
    The type of atom
  • What does it mean for an atom to be electrically neutral?
    It has the same number of electrons and protons
  • What identifies the element of an atom?
    The number of protons
  • What is nuclide notation?
    Describes the constituents of nuclei
  • In nuclide notation, what does X represent?
    The chemical symbol for the element
  • In nuclide notation, what does A represent?
    The nucleon number or mass number
  • In nuclide notation, what does Z represent?
    The atomic number or proton number
  • What does the atomic symbol for lithium indicate?
    Three protons in the nucleus
  • How many neutrons are in lithium?
    Four neutrons
  • What are isotopes?
    Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
  • What is the simplest element that serves as an example of isotopes?
    Hydrogen
  • How many main isotopes does hydrogen have?
    Three main isotopes
  • What is the atomic number of hydrogen?
    One
  • What is the difference between carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14?
    Different number of neutrons
  • What is an example of a stable isotope?
    Carbon-12
  • Why are isotopes more unstable?
    Imbalance of protons and neutrons
  • What is an example of an unstable isotope?
    Carbon-14
  • What is background radiation?
    A small amount of radiation around us
  • What are the sources of background radiation?
    Natural and artificial sources
  • What is the primary source of background radiation?
    Radon gas in the air
  • What radioactive elements are found in rocks and soil?
    Uranium and thorium
  • How does radon gas contribute to background radiation?
    It comes from the decay of uranium
  • How do medical sources contribute to background radiation?
    Through procedures like x-rays and CT scans
  • What do living plants and animals contain that contributes to background radiation?
    Radioactive elements like carbon-14
  • How do cosmic rays contribute to background radiation?
    By colliding with Earth's atmosphere
  • What happens when ionizing radiation collides with an electron?
    It ejects an electron, forming a positive ion
  • What is the ionizing effect of alpha radiation?
    Strong due to heavy mass and high charge
  • How does the penetrating effect of alpha radiation compare to beta and gamma radiation?
    Very short range, stopped by paper
  • What is the average speed of alpha particles?
    Up to 0.1 times the speed of light
  • What is the ionizing effect of beta radiation?
    Weaker than alpha radiation