social learning theory

• What is a key assumption of behavior acquisition?

  Behavior is acquired through environmental experiences
• How do humans learn within social contexts?

  By engaging in social interactions
• What role do role models play in learning?

  We learn by observing and imitating them
• What is vicarious reinforcement?

  Learning through observing others' consequences
• What influences whether we imitate a behavior?

  Mediational or cognitive processes
• Can learning occur without immediate behavior change?

  Yes, learning can occur without immediate change
• What do observational learning and cognitive approaches combine?

  They bring together behaviorist and cognitive ideas
• What is modeling in the context of learning?

  Demonstration of behavior by a role model
• What are live models?

  Parents, teachers, friends, etc.
• What are symbolic models?

  Media and television figures
• How does identification influence imitation?

  Relating to the model increases imitation chances
• What is vicarious reinforcement's effect on learning?

  It enhances learning through observed consequences
• What occurs during imitation?

  Reproducing or copying modeled behavior
• What are the mediational processes in learning?

  Internal cognitive processes influencing imitation
• What is the first step in the mediational processes?

  Attention to the model's behavior
• Why is retention important in imitation?

  A memory of behavior must be formed
• What is reproduction in the context of imitation?

  Considering if one can perform the observed behavior
• How does motivation affect imitation?

  Perceived rewards influence imitation likelihood
• What was the aim of Bandura's Bobo Doll study?

  To see if social behaviors can be acquired
• How were children allocated in Bandura's study?

  Matched on aggression and randomly assigned
• What behaviors were included in the aggressive condition?

  Throwing, punching, and hitting the doll
• What was the aggression arousal stage in Bandura's study?

  Children were denied access to attractive toys
• How were children's behaviors observed in the delayed imitation stage?

  Through covert observation via a one-way mirror
• What were the results regarding aggressive responses?

  Aggressive condition showed more aggressive responses
• How did boys' responses differ based on the model's gender?

  Boys copied more aggressive acts from male models
• What was a key conclusion from Bandura's study?

  Supports observational learning and imitation in children
• What are demand characteristics in Bandura's study?

  Children may alter behavior due to expectations
• What ethical issues were raised in Bandura's study?

  Potential harm and normalization of aggression
• What is a limitation of Bandura's study regarding ecological validity?

  Environment was unfamiliar to the children
• How was reliability ensured in Bandura's study?

  Use of inter-observer reliability for ratings
• What does the scientific method in Bandura's study imply?

  Standardized conditions allow for replication
• How does observational learning relate to addiction?

  Observing friends/family can influence behavior
• How does observational learning relate to aggression?

  Observing violent acts can reduce frustration
• How does observational learning relate to gender development?

  Girls imitate mothers' feminine behaviors
• What practical applications arise from Bandura's research?

  Children imitate role models, influencing behavior
• How does SLT differ from behaviorism?

  SLT offers a less mechanistic view of behavior
• What does supporting research for observational learning indicate?

  Imitation is greatest if the role model is the same gender
• What methodological criticism exists regarding Bandura's research?

  Children may have responded to demand characteristics
• What biological influences are underestimated by SLT?

  Hormones and genetics affecting behavior
• What issues arise with mediational processes in SLT?

  Cognitive factors cannot be directly measured