comparing

• What is the purpose of SSRIs in drug therapy?

  To inhibit reuptake of serotonin
• How does systematic desensitization help treat phobias?

  It gradually exposes and relaxes individuals
• What is aversion therapy used for?

  To treat addictions through conditioning
• What does SLT stand for?

  Social Learning Theory
• What is the goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

  To identify and challenge irrational beliefs
• What is the focus of psychodynamic therapy?

  Resolving conscious conflicts
• What is the aim of client-centered therapy?

  To achieve congruence and increase self-esteem
• What does biological determinism imply?

  Behavior is determined by biological factors
• How does environmental determinism explain behavior?

  Behavior is shaped by direct environmental experiences
• What distinguishes soft determinism from hard determinism?

  Soft determinism allows for personal responsibility
• What is the pleasure principle in psychodynamic theory?

  It drives behavior towards immediate gratification
• What does the nature vs nurture debate focus on?

  The influence of genetics and environment on behavior
• What is the tabula rasa concept in behaviorism?

  Humans are born as blank slates
• How does cognitive theory view behavior?

  It is influenced by both nature and nurture
• What is the interactionist perspective in psychodynamic theory?

  Behavior results from innate drives and experiences
• What does biological reductionism explain?

  Complex behavior at the biological level
• What is machine reductionism in cognitive theory?

  It reduces human processing to input-output models
• How does humanistic psychology differ from reductionism?

  It studies the whole person, not just parts
• What is a key feature of scientific methods in psychology?

  Control, standardization, and objectivity
• Why is psychodynamic theory considered unscientific?

  It cannot be empirically tested or falsified
• What does humanistic psychology reject?

  Scientific methods and empirical evidence
• What are the practical applications of different psychological approaches?

  • Biological: Drug therapy for neurotransmitter imbalances
  • Behaviourism: Counter-conditioning and aversion therapy
  • SLT: Censorship to prevent harmful behaviors
  • Cognitive: CBT for depression and addiction
  • Psychodynamic: Psychoanalysis for conscious conflicts
  • Humanistic: Client-centered therapy for self-esteem
• What are the key differences between free will and determinism in psychology?

  • Biological: Hard determinism (internal factors)
  • Behaviourism: Environmental determinism (past experiences)
  • SLT: Soft determinism (environmental influence with choice)
  • Cognitive: Soft determinism (cognitive processes)
  • Psychodynamic: Psychic determinism (unconscious drives)
  • Free will: Conscious control and autonomy
• How do nature and nurture influence behavior in psychology?

  • Biological: Nature (innate factors)
  • Behaviourism: Nurture (learned behavior)
  • SLT: Nurture (observational learning)
  • Cognitive: Both (innate capacities and experience)
  • Psychodynamic: Interactionist (innate drives and experiences)
  • Humanistic: Mostly nurture (environmental influence)
• What are the reductionist and holistic approaches in psychology?

  • Biological: Biological reductionism (genes)
  • Behaviourism: Environmental reductionism (conditioning)
  • SLT: Both (conditioning and cognition)
  • Cognitive: Machine reductionism (input-output)
  • Psychodynamic: Both (innate drives and social experience)
  • Humanistic: Holism (whole person understanding)
• What are the scientific and unscientific aspects of psychological approaches?

  • Biological: Scientific methods and objectivity
  • Behaviourism: Scientific methods and empirical evidence
  • SLT: Mostly scientific with controlled observations
  • Cognitive: Mostly scientific but relies on inferences
  • Psychodynamic: Not scientific, lacks empirical testing
  • Humanistic: Not scientific, focuses on subjectivity