Ions and Ionic Bonding

• What are ions?

  Charged particles made from electron transfer
• How are ions formed?

  By transferring electrons between atoms
• What is the charge of ions formed by Group 1 elements?

  • Group 1: 1+
  • Group 2: 2+
  • Group 6: 2−
  • Group 7: 1−
• What electronic structure do ions formed by these groups have?

  The electronic structure of a noble gas
• What is ionic bonding?

  Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
• Which types of ions participate in ionic bonding?

  Positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions
• What is the ionic equation for sodium chloride formation?

  (Na) (Cl) → (Na⁺) (Cl⁻)
• What is the electron configuration of a sodium atom?

  2, 8
• What is the electron configuration of a chlorine atom?

  2, 8, 7
• What is the electron configuration of a sodium ion?

  2, 8
• What is the electron configuration of a chloride ion?

  2, 8, 8
• What are the three properties of ionic compounds?

  1. Giant ionic lattice structure
  2. High melting and boiling points
  3. Conduct electricity only when molten or dissolved
• What is the structure of ionic compounds?

  Giant ionic lattice structure
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Strong bonds require lots of energy to break
• When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  When molten or dissolved in water
• What are the limitations of ball-and-stick diagrams?

  • Model not to scale
  • No gaps between ions in reality
  • Only shows outer layer of compound
• How can empirical formulas of ionic compounds be determined?

  From diagrams of the compounds