C1 + C2 - atomic structure + periodic table

• What is chromatography used for?

  To separate out mixtures
• What is evaporation used for?

  To separate a soluble salt from a solution
• What particles are contained in the nucleus of an atom?

  Protons and neutrons
• What charge do electron shells have?

  They are negatively charged
• Why do atoms have no overall charge?

  They have equal protons and electrons
• What is an ion?

  A charged particle
• How is relative atomic mass calculated?

  Using the equation for relative atomic mass
• What must be true for balancing symbol equations?

  Same number of atoms on both sides
• What is the balanced equation for the combustion of methane?

  CH4 + 2O2 → 2H2O + CO2
• What are the steps to separate salt from rock salt?

  1. Grind the mixture of rock salt
  2. Add water and stir
  3. Filter the mixture
  4. Evaporate the water to leave crystals
• What defines an element?

  Atoms with the same atomic number
• What is the symbol for nitrogen?

  N
• What is an isotope?

  Same protons, different neutrons
• What is a compound?

  Two or more elements chemically joined
• What is the formula for carbon dioxide?

  CO2
• How can a chemical reaction be represented?

  Using word or symbol equations
• What are reactants in a chemical equation?

  Substances on the left-hand side
• What are products in a chemical equation?

  Substances on the right-hand side
• What is filtration used for?

  To separate solids from liquids
• What is crystallisation used for?

  To separate a soluble salt from a solution
• What is simple distillation used for?

  Separating a liquid from a solution

  
• What is fractional distillation used for?

  Separating a mixture of liquids
• Who arranged elements by atomic mass in the early 1800s?

  Early chemists
• What did Mendeleev do with the periodic table?

  Left gaps for undiscovered elements
• How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

  By atomic mass/proton number
• What do the columns in the periodic table represent?

  Groups of elements
• What do the rows in the periodic table represent?

  Periods showing full electron shells
• What are alkali metals known for?

  Being soft and very reactive
• How does reactivity change in alkali metals?

  Increases down the group
• What do alkali metals form with non-metals?

  Ionic compounds
• What is the reaction of lithium with water?

  Produces lithium hydroxide and hydrogen
• What is the balanced equation for lithium reacting with water?

  2Li + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2
• What is the reaction of lithium with chlorine?

  Produces lithium chloride
• What is the balanced equation for lithium reacting with chlorine?

  2Li + Cl2 → 2LiCl
• How do halogens change down the group?

  Become less reactive and higher boiling points
• What are noble gases known for?

  Being un-reactive with full outer shells
• How do boiling points change in noble gases?

  Increase down the group
• How are electrons arranged in shells?

  Two in the inner shell, eight in others
• Who proposed the plum pudding model?

  JJ Thomson
• What did Rutherford discover about the atom?

  Mass concentrated at the nucleus