Aldehydes and Ketones

• Aldehydes functional group is C = O and is always at the end of a chain suffix = -al

  A) Aldehyde

  
• Ketones functional group is C=O and can be anywhere in a molecule

  Suffix = -one

  A) Ketone

  
• Test

  Tollens Reagent

  Warm silver nitrate(AgNO3) + excess aqueous NH3(ammonia)

  Aldehydes = Silver mirror is formed

  Aldehydes = no visible change
• Test

  Fehling's solution

  Blue solution of Copper 2+ ions, aldehydes reduce the Copper 2+ ions to form a red/brown precipitate

  aldehydes = form red/brown precipitate

  ketones = no visible change
• Aldehydes can be reduced back to primary alcohols

  Ketones can be reduced back to secondary alcohols

  This reaction takes place through nucleophilic addition

  reducing agent = NaBH4