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Digestion and absorption of lipids
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Cards (34)
What is the role of digestive enzymes in digestion?
They facilitate
hydrolytic cleavage
of molecules
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What are triglycerides composed of?
3
fatty acids
esterified
to 1
glycerol
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Why are lipids significant in terms of energy yield?
They yield more energy when
oxidized
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Where does lipid digestion occur?
Mouth
Stomach
Small Intestine
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What initiates lipid digestion in the mouth?
Mastication
and
emulsification
of lipids
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What enzyme in saliva aids lipid digestion?
Lingual lipase
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What type of enzyme is lingual lipase?
It is a
serine protease
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What does lingual lipase hydrolyze?
Medium and long-chain
triglycerides
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What are the products of lipid digestion in the mouth?
Diglycerides
,
monoglycerides
, and
fatty acids
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Which enzymes act on lipids in the stomach?
Lingual lipase
and
gastric lipase
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What is the role of gastric lipase?
It hydrolyzes
ester bonds
in
triglycerides
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What type of enzymes are both lingual and gastric lipases?
Serine
proteases
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What happens to lipids in the small intestine?
Mechanical digestion
and
emulsification
continue
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How is the surface area of lipid droplets increased in the small intestine?
Through
peristalsis
and
bile salts
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What does the pancreas secrete for lipid digestion?
Pancreatic lipase and
pancreatic
co-lipase
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What is the function of pancreatic lipase?
It hydrolyzes
triglycerides
to
monoacylglycerol
and
fatty acids
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How does the lipase co-lipase complex function?
It spreads over the surface of
lipid droplets
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What does cholesterol esterase do?
Hydrolyzes
cholesteryl esters to cholesterol
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What is the role of phospholipase A2?
It digests
phospholipids
to
lyso-phospholipid
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What activates phospholipase A2?
Trypsin
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What is required for optimum activity of phospholipase A2?
Bile salts
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What does lysophospholipase do?
Removes remaining fatty acid at
C1
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What are the primary products of lipid digestion?
Free fatty acids
,
free cholesterol
, 2-monoacylglycerol
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What forms the mixed micelles in lipid digestion?
Bile salts
Free fatty acids
Free cholesterol
2-monoacylglycerol
Phospholipid
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How do micelles facilitate lipid absorption?
They transport
hydrophobic
lipids across water layers
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What do short-medium chain fatty acids require for absorption?
They do not require
mixed micelles
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What happens to fatty acids and monoglycerides in enterocytes?
They are used to synthesize
triglycerides
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What are chylomicrons composed of?
Triglycerides
,
cholesterol esters
,
free cholesterol
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What happens to chylomicrons after formation?
They move to the
Golgi apparatus
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How are chylomicrons released from enterocytes?
Through
exocytosis
into the
extracellular
space
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What factors are essential for normal lipid absorption?
Bile salts
, normal
pancreatic
function,
intestinal
cells
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What percentage of dietary fat is utilized?
95%
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Which nutrients are not digested?
Keratins
and plant polymers like
cellulose
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What do some vegetables contain that is indigestible?
Indigestible
carbohydrates
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