Moles, Equations and Limiting Reactants

• What is the pH range for strong acids?

  pH 0-1
• What does a universal indicator provide?

  A wide range of color depending on pH
• What does a pH probe measure?

  An accurate value of pH
• How is concentration defined?

  Amount of substance in a volume of solution
• What happens to concentration when you increase the volume of solvent?

  Concentration decreases
• How can uncertainty in the mean value be found?

  Using the range of repeated measurements
• What is a limiting reactant?

  The reactant completely used up in a reaction
• How can you find the mass of a product from the limiting reactant?

  Using the mass of the limiting reactant
• How do you calculate the number of moles from mass?

  Divide mass by the molar mass (Mr)
• What is the first step to find the mass of a product?

  Divide the mass of the limiting reactant by its Mr
• How do you find the number of moles of a product?

  Use the balanced equation
• How do you calculate the mass of a product?

  Multiply moles by the Mr of the product
• What are the steps to balance chemical equations using masses?

  1. Divide each number of moles by the smallest number of moles.
  2. Multiply by the same number to get whole numbers.
  3. Place these numbers in front of the chemical formulae.
• What is the significance of the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?

  • It determines the maximum amount of product formed.
  • It is completely used up during the reaction.
• How can you find the mass of a limiting reactant from the mass of a product?

  Using the method for limiting reactants
• What is the formula for concentration?

  Concentration = amount / volume
• What happens to the concentration if the amount of solute increases?

  Concentration increases
• How does the concept of limiting reactants affect chemical reactions?

  It limits the amount of product formed
• What is the relationship between moles and mass in a chemical reaction?

  Moles are calculated from mass and Mr