Muscle I, II and III

• In which type of muscle are the cells multinucleated?

  Skeletal Muscle
• Which of the following muscle cell types are non-striated?

  Smooth Muscle
• Which muscle cell type is under voluntary control?

  Skeletal Muscle
• Which muscle cell type is autorhythmic?

  Cardiac Muscle
• Which muscle cell type is found in the walls of hollow organs?

  Smooth Muscle
• The cells of which muscle type are elongated cylindrical cells?

  Skeletal muscles
• Which muscle cell type consists of irregular-shaped branched cells?

  Cardiac Muscle
• in which type of muscle are adjacent cells joined by intercalated discs?

  Cardiac Muscle
• Arrange the following in the correct order in which they occur during the contraction of skeletal muscle fibres: 

  1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions; 

  2. Ca2+ ions combine with troponin; 

  3. Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal; 

  4. Muscle fibre membrane is depolarised; 

  5. Thin filaments slide past the thick filaments towards the centre of the sarcomere; 

  6. Myosin heads attach to actin, forming crossbridges; 

  7. Action potentials travel down the transverse tubules (T-tubules).

  3 4 7 1 2 6 5
• Which of the following statements concerning crossbridges is FALSE?

  1. They bind to actin during muscle contraction
  2. They are formed from the glonular heads of the myosin proteins
  3. They consist of troponin and tropomyosin protruding from the active filament
  4. Myosin heads rotate during muscle contraction
  5. They protrude from the thick filaments

  3
• The striated appearance of skeletal muscle is due to:

  1. The regular arrangements of the T tubules running through the muscle fibre
  2. The presence of the Z lines extending down the middle of the I bands
  3. They presence of gap junctions between adjacent muscle fibres
  4. The regular arrangement of motor nerve
  5. None of the above

  2
• During skeletal muscle contraction, the sarcomeres shorten because:

  1. Myosin heads attached to actin filaments rotate
  2. Muscle connective tissue constricts
  3. Actin filaments are compressed
  4. Extracellular fluid volume increases
  5. Muscle cells shrink

  1
• Choose the pair of words which correctly fill in the blanks in the following statement:

   The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ________ when a muscle is relaxed and releases it for binding to ________ during contraction.

  Calcium, Troponin
• The diagram below shows the changes in muscle tension generated when the muscle is stimulated electrically at different frequencies. 

  Which letter corresponds to a fused tetanic contraction?

  D

  
• The specialised junction where a muscle nerve communicates with its target muscle

  Neuromuscular Junction
• Junction where one nerve communicates with another nerve

  Synapse
• A contractile tissue that can generate force and movement

  Muscle
• 2 basic type of muscle

  Striated and smooth
• Sub type for striated

  Cardiac

  skeletal
• The protein that makes up the thick filaments in muscle

  Myosin
• Type of filament is compose of myosin


  Thick filament
• Protein that makes up the thin filament in muscle

  Actin
• Type of filament is Actin found in

  Thin filament
• Fill up

  A) Mitochondrion

  B) Myofibril

  C) thick filament

  D) Thin filament

  E) sarcomere

  
• fill up

  A) Striation

  
• Process where myosin and actin interact to form cross bridges, causing muscle fibers to shorten


  Muscle contraction
• What prevents constant contraction from occuring

  Regulatory protein
• Calcium ions are required for the regulatory proteins to function
• Regulatory protein that helps control muscle contraction

  Troponin
• Regulatory protein that helps control muscle contraction

  Troponin and Tropomyosin
• Sustained muscle contraction resulting from rapid successive stimuli that prevent complete relaxation

  Tetanic Contraction
• What happens to muscle tnesion as stimulation frequency increases

  Force increases
• The relationship between a muscle fiber's length and the force it can generate during contraction

  Length tension relationship