Protocols & Layer

• What is a protocol in networking?

  A set of rules for device communication
• What does TCP/IP stand for?

  Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
• What is the function of TCP?

  It sends and receives data packets
• How does TCP handle data?

  It breaks data into packets and reassembles
• What is the role of IP in networking?

  It routes and addresses data packets
• What is an IP address?

  A unique address for network devices
• What does every device on a network have?

  A unique IP address for identification
• What does HTTP stand for?

  Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• What is the purpose of HTTPS?

  To transfer web pages securely
• What does SSL stand for?

  Secure Sockets Layer
• What indicates a secure connection in a web browser?

  A padlock symbol in the URL bar
• What is FTP used for?

  Transferring files across a network
• What does SMTP stand for?

  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• What is the function of POP?

  To delete emails from the server after download
• How does IMAP differ from POP?

  IMAP syncs emails with the server
• What are the two versions of IP addressing?

  IPv4 and IPv6
• How many unique addresses does IPv4 allow?

  Over 4 billion unique addresses
• What is the format of an IPv4 address?

  Four 8-bit segments separated by dots
• Provide an example of an IPv4 address.

  145.13.218.102
• How many unique addresses does IPv6 allow?

  An undecillion unique addresses
• What is the format of an IPv6 address?

  Eight 16-bit segments separated by colons
• Provide an example of an IPv6 address.

  736E:1029:A4B3:902D:77B2:72FF:AE62:0912
• What is a MAC address?

  A unique hexadecimal number for devices
• What is a protocol?

  A set of rules that allow devices on a network to communicate with each other
• What do TCP and IP stand for?

  Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
• What is the purpose of TCP?

  TCP breaks the data into packets and reassembles them back into the original data at the destination
• What is the purpose of IP?

  IP is responsible for routing and addressing data packets to ensure they are sent to the correct destination
• What does HTTP stand for?

  Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• What is the purpose of HTTP?

  HTTP is used to transfer web pages over the Internet so that users can view them in a web browser
• What does HTTPS stand for?

  Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
• What is the purpose of HTTPS?

  HTTPS is a more secure version of HTTP that works with SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to transfer encrypted data
• What does FTP stand for?

  File Transfer Protocol
• What is the purpose of FTP?

  FTP is used to transfer files across a network, commonly used to upload or download files to/from a web server
• What does SMTP stand for?

  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• What is the purpose of SMTP?

  SMTP is a protocol used to send emails to a mail server and between mail servers
• What do POP and IMAP stand for?

  Post Office Protocol and Internet Message Access Protocol
• What is the purpose of POP and IMAP?

  POP and IMAP are protocols for receiving and storing emails from a mail server. POP deletes emails from the server once downloaded, while IMAP syncs the messages with the server.
• What are the two versions of IP addressing currently used?

  IPv4 and IPv6
• What is the format of an IPv4 address?

  IPv4 addresses are 32-bit addresses represented in denary with four 8-bit segments of denary values (0-255) separated by full stops
• What is the format of an IPv6 address?

  IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in hexadecimal with eight 16-bit segments of hexadecimal values (0000-FFFF) separated by colons