Cells types

• What are cells considered in biology?

  Basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• How do multicellular organisms like animals and plants differ from bacteria in terms of cell division?

  They grow or replace dead cells, not reproduce
• How many types of cells are estimated to be in an adult human?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are subcellular structures also known as?

  Organelles
• What surrounds both animal and plant cells?

  Cell membranes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Genetic material or DNA
• What is cytoplasm compared to?

  Water filling a water balloon
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What are the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells?

  Similarities:

  • Both have cell membranes
  • Both contain a nucleus
  • Both have cytoplasm
  • Both have mitochondria
  • Both have ribosomes

  
  

  Differences:

  • Plant cells have a rigid cell wall
  • Plant cells have a permanent vacuole
  • Plant cells have chloroplasts
• What is the cell wall made of in plant cells?

  Cellulose
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What does the permanent vacuole contain?

  Cell sap (sugars, salts, water)
• What is the process that occurs in chloroplasts?

  Photosynthesis
• What green substance do chloroplasts contain?

  Chlorophyll
• What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  Absorbs light energy
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What does unicellular mean in relation to bacteria?

  One cell organism
• What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is bacterial genetic material organized?

  Single circular strand of DNA
• What is another term for the circular strand of DNA in bacteria?

  Circular chromosome or nucleoid
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA with extra genes
• What are flagella in bacteria?

  Thread-like structures for movement
• How do flagella help bacteria?

  Propel bacteria along
• What are the main components of bacterial cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm
  • Circular DNA (nucleoid)
  • Plasmids (optional)
  • Flagella (optional)