Genetic Engineering

• What is meant by genetic engineering?

  Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism's genome by transferring genes from one organism to another.
• How is genetic engineering used in medicine?

  It is used to produce human insulin for diabetes treatment.
• How is genetic engineering used in agriculture?

  It is used to produce genetically modified crops with higher yields and disease resistance.
• What are the benefits of genetically modified (GM) crops?

  • Greater yield than normal crops
  • Resistance to disease and insect attack
  • Production of larger or better foods
  • Resistance to herbicides
• What concerns do people have about GM crops?

  People question the safety of GM crops for insects, wildflowers, and human health.
• What is gene therapy?

  Gene therapy is a method being explored to treat inherited disorders.
• What is the first step in the process of genetic engineering?

  Identifying the gene to transfer is the first step in genetic engineering.
• What role do enzymes play in genetic engineering?

  Enzymes are used to isolate the desired gene for transfer.
• What is a plasmid and its role in genetic engineering?

  A plasmid is used as a vector to transfer DNA from one organism to another.
• What are vectors in genetic engineering?

  Vectors are plasmids or viruses that facilitate DNA transfer between organisms.
• Why is it important to transfer genes at an early stage of development?

  It ensures all cells receive the gene, allowing the organism to develop the desired traits.
• What are the main steps in genetic engineering?

  1. Identify the gene to transfer
  2. Use enzymes to isolate the gene
  3. Transfer the gene into a plasmid or virus (vector)
  4. Transfer the desired gene into the target organism's cells