Lifestyle and Disease

• Why are non communicable diseases significant in the UK?

  They are the biggest cause of death
• What is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease?

  A diet high in fat
• How does a diet low in vegetables affect cholesterol levels?

  It increases certain types of cholesterol
• What effect does a high salt diet have on blood pressure?

  It can increase blood pressure
• How does smoking affect cardiovascular disease risk?

  It massively increases the risk
• What is the single greatest cause of death by cancer in the UK?

  Lung cancer
• What other lung diseases does smoking increase the risk of?

  Emphysema
• How does smoking during pregnancy affect the unborn baby?

  It increases the risk of miscarriage
• What are the effects of fetal alcohol syndrome on children?

  Learning difficulties and physical problems
• What diseases can excessive alcohol consumption lead to in adults?

  Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• How can alcohol affect the brain?

  It can lead to addiction and memory loss
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What serious complications can type 2 diabetes lead to?

  Blindness or limb amputation
• How can risk factors interact with each other?

  Excess alcohol can lead to obesity
• What lifestyle factors can affect the risk of non communicable diseases?

  • Diet (high fat, low vegetables)
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol consumption
  • Obesity
  • Physical inactivity
• What are the consequences of smoking during pregnancy?

  • Increased risk of miscarriage
  • Premature birth
  • Low body mass at birth
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of lifestyle factors in relation to non communicable diseases?

  Strengths:

  • Lifestyle changes can reduce risks
  • Awareness can lead to prevention

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Some factors are beyond control
  • Interaction of multiple factors complicates risk assessment