Energy stores, systems and resources

• The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.
• A system refers to an object or group of objects.
• Energy that is not utilized is wasted and dissipates into the surroundings.
• There are multiple stores of energy, including magnetic, internal (thermal), chemical, kinetic, electrical, elastic potential, gravitational potential, and nuclear.
• Energy transfers can occur through mechanical action, electrical currents, radiation and heating.
• Unwanted energy transfers can be reduced in a number of ways, for example through lubrication and the use of thermal insulation.
• Non renewable energy resources - fossil fuels and nuclear
• Renewable energy resources - biomass, wind, hydroelectric, tidal/waves, solar, geothermal
• Advantages of Hydroelectric: No gas emissions, cheap to run, renewable.
• Disadvantages of Hydroelectric: Limited suitable locations, impact on local environment (i.e. animal habitats, farmland).
• Advantages of Wind: No gas emissions, no fuel costs, renewable.
• Disadvantages of Wind: Low power output from each turbine, unreliable supply, visual pollution.
• Advantages of Solar: No gas emissions, no fuel costs.
• Disadvantages of Solar: Expensive to produce the panels, low
• Advantages of geothermal and tidal energy sources include no gas emissions and no fuel costs.
• Disadvantages of geothermal and wave/tidal - they can only be built in suitable areas, high construction costs for geothermal energy, and potential interference with coastal activities and wildlife for wave and tidal energy.
• Advantages of wind turbines: No gas emissions, no fuel costs.
• Disadvantages of wind turbines: Only suitable for use in coastal areas, installation can interfere with coastal activities and wildlife.
• Advantages of biofuels: Renewable, suitable for remote/rural locations, carbon neutral.
• Disadvantages of biofuels: Release carbon dioxide when burned, low power output.
• Nuclear Advantages: No gas emissions, small amounts of fuel needed, smaller running costs, more plentiful supply (although not renewable).
• Nuclear Disadvantages: Radioactive waste, expensive/slower to build and decommission, local public may not want it built in their location.
• Coal, oil, and gas are known as fossil fuels.
• Label:

  A) Nuclear

  B) Geothermal

  C) Wind

  D) Sun

  E) Fossil

  
• Label:

  A) Elastic

  B) Chemical

  C) Thermal

  
• Fill in the gaps:

  A) light

  B) Electrical

  C) Chemical

  D) Thermal

  
• Conduction is the process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles. It mainly happens in solids.
• Convection is where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions. It only happens in liquids and gases. 
• Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of waves, rays or particles