E15 eruption

• Degg’s model - 1992

  • A natural disaster only occurs if a vulnerable population is exposed to a hazard
  • The model also depends on factors such as distance from the hazard
• Perception of hazards - government

  • organised government will know what to do in the situation
  • if they have dealt with a hazard successfully before then the society will feel more at ease
  • unorganised government may have to get help from other countries
• Perception of hazards - socio-economic status

  • if the government has a good status and has a good relationship with other countries, they may get help from them
  • wealthier families are more likely to have stronger buildings - eg earthquake proof houses
  • however, wealthier families also may have more to lose
• Fatalism: (acceptance)

  • the belief that all hazards are predetermined and therefore inevitable
• Adaption:

  • people see they can prepare and survive events by prediction, prevention and protection.
• Fear:

  • when people feel vulnerable to an event
  • these people may move away to areas percieved to not be affected by the area
• Hazard management cycle - step 1

  PRE-DISASTER

  • risk assessments - remote sensing, seismic monitoring
  • mitigation/prevention - earthearthquake proof buildings
  • preparedness - educate and raise awareness will adjust behaviour to minimise the impact
• Hazard management cycle - step 2

  RESPONSE - speed of response depends on how effective the emergency plan is

  • warning/evacuation (most media attention) - emergency plans carried out, focus on saving lives and medical assistance
  • providing immediate assistance
  • Assessing damage
• Parks model - the disaster response curve

  • shows that the hazard can have varying impacts over time
  • the quality of life is normal before the disaster strikes
• Parks model - relief

  • immediate local and possibly global response in the form of aid
  • hours to days
• Parks model - reconstruction

  • long term responses
  • permanent rebuilding
  • weeks to years
  • quality of life starts to return back to normal
• Slab pull is when the slab subducts and the stress is transferred back up

  • negative buoyancy of the plate
• Volcanic (ash) cloud

  • made of minerals, dust, volcanic fragments and gases
• Perception of hazards - level of education

  • educated society more likely to be prepared
  • they have a higher chance of being told what preperation to do
  • less likely to be scared