Neisseria menengitidis

• What historical figure is associated with the image in the video?

  President Abraham Lincoln
• What does the top hat symbolize in the image?

  Meningitis
• What does the pink background represent in the image?

  Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative organism
• What color is the gram stain of Neisseria?

  Red or pink
• How are Neisseria bacteria described in terms of shape?

  They are circular and form pairs
• What term describes Neisseria's arrangement?

  Gram-negative diplococci
• How is Neisseria meningitidis transmitted?

  Through respiratory secretions
• What does the civil war medic symbolize in the image?

  Old medical practices
• What does the syringe next to the ammo sacks represent?

  The vaccine contains antigens from the capsule
• What is the significance of the polysaccharide capsule?

  It helps generate antibodies for immunity
• What does the horse's prominent nostrils symbolize?

  Colonization of the nares
• What does the character drinking malt beer represent?

  Neisseria meningitidis is a maltose fermenter
• What does "sipping" malt beer symbolize?

  Neisseria meningitidis can cause sepsis
• What do the red spots on the horse represent?

  Neisseria meningitidis can cause a petechial rash
• What does the presence of hats in the image signify?

  Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis
• What does the black foot of the union soldier represent?

  Gangrene caused by Neisseria meningitidis
• What does the house on fire symbolize?

  Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
• What does the triangular chimney represent?

  The adrenal glands
• What does the handheld lamp symbolize?

  Fever associated with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
• What does the bowl of jello in the window represent?

  Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
• What do the wire and shock symbols represent?

  Shock associated with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
• What does the stabbing of the union soldier in the spleen signify?

  Asplenic patients are at increased risk
• Why are asplenic patients at increased risk for infections?

  The spleen helps clear encapsulated organisms
• What do the pennies falling from the soldier's pocket represent?

  Neisseria meningitidis can be treated with penicillin G
• What does the trident symbolize in the image?

  Neisseria meningitidis can be treated with ceftriaxone
• What do the rifles and bayonets represent?

  Rifampin prophylaxis for close contacts
• What does the patient's history of splenic rupture indicate?

  It suggests increased risk for infections
• What is the correct answer to the exam question regarding immunoglobulin production?

  Immunoglobulin production is impaired in asplenic patients
• Why is option A about reactive oxygen species incorrect?

  It increases susceptibility to catalase-positive organisms
• Why is option C about complement production incorrect?

  The liver is the site of complement production
• Why is option D about microtubule formation incorrect?

  It is not associated with Neisseria infections
• What are the key features of Neisseria meningitidis?

  • Gram-negative diplococci
  • Transmitted through respiratory secretions
  • Causes meningitis, sepsis, and petechial rash
  • Can lead to Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
  • Treatable with penicillin G and ceftriaxone
• What are the associations of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?

  • Adrenal gland hemorrhage
  • Fever
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  • Shock
  • Adrenal insufficiency
• What are the risks associated with asplenic patients?

  • Increased risk of infections from encapsulated organisms
  • Impaired immunoglobulin production
  • Need for prophylaxis with rifampin for close contacts
• What is the only natural host for Neisseria meningitidis?

  Humans
• Why can't Neisseria meningitidis obtain iron from other sources?

  It relies on human transferrin and lactoferrin
• Where does Neisseria meningitidis cause bacterial meningitis epidemically?

  Africa and Asia
• What percentage of adults are asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis?

  5-15%
• What is the relationship between carrier rates and living conditions?

  Higher in people living in close quarters
• What is the term used for the region in Africa with high meningitis rates?

  Meningitis belt