The Haber Process (T)

• What process is used to manufacture ammonia?

  Haber process
• What is one use of ammonia?

  To make nitrogen-based fertilizers
• What are the raw materials for the Haber process?

  Nitrogen and hydrogen
• Where can nitrogen be extracted from for the Haber process?

  From the air
• How is hydrogen produced for the Haber process?

  By reacting methane with steam
• What conditions are used in the Haber process?

  450 degrees Celsius and 200 atmospheres pressure
• What happens to ammonia in the Haber process after it is formed?

  It is cooled and turned into a liquid
• What is done with unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen in the Haber process?

  They are recycled over the catalyst
• What principle is used to explain the conditions for the Haber process?

  Le Chatelier's principle
• How does Le Chatelier's principle apply to the Haber process?

  It predicts how equilibrium shifts with changes
• Why is a relatively cool temperature used in the Haber process?

  To shift equilibrium to produce more ammonia
• What is the trade-off in temperature selection for the Haber process?

  Between reaction rate and equilibrium position
• What role does the iron catalyst play in the Haber process?

  It increases the rate of the reaction
• How does pressure affect the equilibrium in the Haber process?

  High pressure pushes equilibrium to the right
• What is the compromise pressure used in the Haber process?

  200 atmospheres
• Why is a high pressure not always used in the Haber process?

  It is expensive and dangerous
• What effect does temperature have on the yield of ammonia?

  Higher temperatures lower the yield
• What is the effect of high temperatures on the reaction rate in the Haber process?

  It increases the reaction rate
• How does the use of a catalyst affect the equilibrium in the Haber process?

  A catalyst does not affect equilibrium position
• What should students do to prepare for questions on the Haber process?

  Review the related video topics
• What are the key conditions for the Haber process to maximize ammonia yield?

  • Temperature: 450 degrees Celsius (compromise)
  • Pressure: 200 atmospheres (compromise)
  • Catalyst: Iron to increase reaction rate
• What are the effects of temperature and pressure on the yield of ammonia in the Haber process?

  • Low temperature: High yield, slow reaction
  • High temperature: Fast reaction, low yield
  • High pressure: Increases yield, but costly and dangerous