Distinctive Landscapes

• Where is the River Tees located?

  North of England
• What is the source of the River Tees?

  Located in the Pennines
• Where does the River Tees flow into?

  North Sea in Middlesbrough
• What geological feature is found in the upper course of the River Tees?

  Hard impermeable rocks
• What type of valley has formed due to vertical erosion in the upper course?

  V-shaped valley
• What is High Force?

  UK's largest waterfall
• How tall is High Force?

  21 metres high
• What type of rock is Whinstone?

  Hard rock above soft rocks
• What geological process occurs in the middle course of the River Tees?

  Lateral erosion forming meanders
• Where can meanders be identified in the River Tees?

  Near Barnard Castle
• What types of rocks are present in the middle course of the River Tees?

  Sandstone and shale
• What features are found in the lower course of the River Tees?

  Larger meanders and oxbow lakes
• What are levees?

  Raised banks formed during flooding
• What type of estuary does the River Tees have?

  Very large estuary with mudflats
• What supports wildlife in the River Tees estuary?

  Mudflats and sandbanks
• What is Seal Sands?

  Protected area in the River Tees
• What are the main features of the River Tees from source to mouth?

  • Upper Course: V-shaped valley, High Force waterfall
  • Middle Course: Lateral erosion, meanders near Barnard Castle
  • Lower Course: Larger meanders, oxbow lakes, levees, large estuary
• How much has been spent on flood defences in Yarm?

  £2.1 million
• What types of systems have been included in Yarm's flood defences?

  Flood warning systems and urban planning
• What is the purpose of gabions in flood defences?

  To slow down erosion on riverbanks
• What environmentally sustainable methods have been used in Yarm?

  Replanting trees and urban forests
• What is a negative impact of the flood defences in Yarm?

  It has cost the government a lot of money
• When was the Cow Green Reservoir built?

  1970
• How does the Cow Green Reservoir manage flooding?

  By storing excess water during heavy rain
• What benefit does the Cow Green Reservoir provide during water shortages?

  It supplies water for industrial and domestic use
• What is a positive impact of the Cow Green Reservoir?

  It attracts walkers and visitors
• What is a negative impact of the Cow Green Reservoir on wildlife?

  It affects fish migration patterns
• Why is the meander in Stockton problematic for navigation?

  It is very tight, hindering ship movement
• What was done to the Mandale Loop in Stockton?

  It was cut across to straighten the river
• How much shorter is the river after the Mandale Loop was cut?

  Shortened by 4 km
• What is a positive impact of cutting the Mandale Loop?

  Reduced risk of flooding and better ship access
• What is a negative impact of meander cutting on wildlife?

  It disturbs fish migration patterns
• What are the positive and negative impacts of human activity on the Yarm river basin?

  Positive impacts:

  • Flood warning systems
  • Urban planning for flood prevention
  • Environmentally sustainable methods

  
  

  Negative impacts:

  • High costs to the government
  • Disturbance of fish migration patterns
• How has human activity influenced geomorphic processes in the Cow Green Reservoir area?

  • Reservoir built to manage flooding
  • Stores water during heavy rain
  • Provides water during shortages
  • Affects fish migration patterns
• How has meander cutting influenced geomorphic processes in Stockton?

  • Straightened river and shortened it by 4 km
  • Reduced flooding risk
  • Improved navigation for ships
  • Disturbed fish migration patterns
• What is our Coastal Landscape Case Study?

  • Jurassic Coast
• What is weathering?


  • The wearing Down or breaking of Rocks while there in a place. This can be physically, Chemically or biologically
• What is Coastal Erosion?

  • The wearing away of Rocks along a coastline due to destructive waves.
• What is Mass Movement?

  • The Movement of Sediment downhill due to Gravitational pull.
• What are the 4 types of Coastal Transportations?

  Suspension, Solution, Traction & Saltation