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HPP 𓆩⟡𓆪
Cardiovascular System
Lecture 01
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Cards (66)
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Transport of
oxygen
and
nutrients
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What role does the heart play in the body?
Circulates
blood
around the body
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What is the significance of electrical conductance in the heart?
It regulates the
heartbeat
and
contraction
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How does the heart beat?
Through
electrical impulses
and
muscle contractions
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What are the cardiac output equations used for?
To calculate the heart's
efficiency
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What are the key concepts of the cardiac cycle?
Phases of heart
contraction
and
relaxation
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What does the cardiovascular system rapidly transport?
Oxygen
, glucose, and
nutrients
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What metabolic waste does the cardiovascular system wash out?
CO2
,
urea
, and
creatinine
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How does the cardiovascular system regulate temperature?
By delivering
heat
from the body core
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What hydraulic mechanism does the cardiovascular system provide for reproduction?
Penile
erection
through blood supply
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Where is the heart located in the body?
In the
thorax
center
, mostly left
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What surrounds the heart?
The
pericardium
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What are the two layers of the pericardium?
Visceral
and
parietal
pericardium
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What is the outer layer of the heart called?
Epicardium
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What is the function of the parietal layer of the pericardium?
Lines the
inner
portion of the
pericardial
sac
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What is the myocardium composed of?
Cardiac muscle tissue
,
blood vessels
, and
nerves
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What is the inner layer of the heart called?
Endocardium
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What separates the right and left atria?
The
interatrial septum
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What separates the right and left ventricles?
The
interventricular septum
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What are the atrioventricular valves?
Tricuspid
and
bicuspid
valves
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What is the function of the tricuspid valve?
Separates
right atrium
and
ventricle
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What is the function of the bicuspid valve?
Separates
left atrium
and
ventricle
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What connects the valve flaps to the papillary muscles?
Chordae tendineae
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What is the function of the chordae tendineae?
Prevent
valves
from
prolapsing
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What prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery?
The
pulmonary semilunar valve
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What prevents backflow of blood from the aorta?
The
aortic semilunar valve
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What are the two circuits of blood vessels?
Pulmonary
and
systemic
circuits
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Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?
Right atrium
through
vena cava
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How is deoxygenated blood pumped to the lungs?
From
right ventricle
via
pulmonary artery
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Where does oxygenated blood enter the heart?
Left atrium
through
pulmonary veins
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How is oxygenated blood pumped to the body?
From
left ventricle
via
aorta
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What are the two types of heart cells?
Mechanical
and
electrical
cells
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What do mechanical cells do?
Perform mechanical
work
and
contract
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What is the diameter of cardiac myocytes?
10-20
µm
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What is the length of cardiac myocytes?
50-100
µm
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What connects cardiac myocytes?
Intercalated discs
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What are the components of intercalated discs?
Gap junctions
and
desmosomes
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What percentage of cardiac myocytes are contractile?
99%
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What initiates the heartbeat?
The
sinoatrial node
(SAN)
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What does the atrioventricular node (AVN) do?
Delays
conduction
to allow atria to
empty
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