Lecture 01

Cards (66)

  • What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
    Transport of oxygen and nutrients
  • What role does the heart play in the body?
    Circulates blood around the body
  • What is the significance of electrical conductance in the heart?
    It regulates the heartbeat and contraction
  • How does the heart beat?
    Through electrical impulses and muscle contractions
  • What are the cardiac output equations used for?
    To calculate the heart's efficiency
  • What are the key concepts of the cardiac cycle?
    Phases of heart contraction and relaxation
  • What does the cardiovascular system rapidly transport?
    Oxygen, glucose, and nutrients
  • What metabolic waste does the cardiovascular system wash out?
    CO2, urea, and creatinine
  • How does the cardiovascular system regulate temperature?
    By delivering heat from the body core
  • What hydraulic mechanism does the cardiovascular system provide for reproduction?
    Penile erection through blood supply
  • Where is the heart located in the body?
    In the thorax center, mostly left
  • What surrounds the heart?
    The pericardium
  • What are the two layers of the pericardium?
    Visceral and parietal pericardium
  • What is the outer layer of the heart called?
    Epicardium
  • What is the function of the parietal layer of the pericardium?
    Lines the inner portion of the pericardial sac
  • What is the myocardium composed of?
    Cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves
  • What is the inner layer of the heart called?
    Endocardium
  • What separates the right and left atria?
    The interatrial septum
  • What separates the right and left ventricles?
    The interventricular septum
  • What are the atrioventricular valves?
    Tricuspid and bicuspid valves
  • What is the function of the tricuspid valve?
    Separates right atrium and ventricle
  • What is the function of the bicuspid valve?
    Separates left atrium and ventricle
  • What connects the valve flaps to the papillary muscles?
    Chordae tendineae
  • What is the function of the chordae tendineae?
    Prevent valves from prolapsing
  • What prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery?
    The pulmonary semilunar valve
  • What prevents backflow of blood from the aorta?
    The aortic semilunar valve
  • What are the two circuits of blood vessels?
    Pulmonary and systemic circuits
  • Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?
    Right atrium through vena cava
  • How is deoxygenated blood pumped to the lungs?
    From right ventricle via pulmonary artery
  • Where does oxygenated blood enter the heart?
    Left atrium through pulmonary veins
  • How is oxygenated blood pumped to the body?
    From left ventricle via aorta
  • What are the two types of heart cells?
    Mechanical and electrical cells
  • What do mechanical cells do?
    Perform mechanical work and contract
  • What is the diameter of cardiac myocytes?
    10-20 µm
  • What is the length of cardiac myocytes?
    50-100 µm
  • What connects cardiac myocytes?
    Intercalated discs
  • What are the components of intercalated discs?
    Gap junctions and desmosomes
  • What percentage of cardiac myocytes are contractile?
    99%
  • What initiates the heartbeat?
    The sinoatrial node (SAN)
  • What does the atrioventricular node (AVN) do?
    Delays conduction to allow atria to empty