cells

• organisms can be...

  prokaryotes or eukaryotes
• all living things are made of...

  cells
• prokaryote


  unicellular organism made of a prokaryotic cell
• prokaryotic


  cells that do not have a nucleus
• eukaryotic


  cells that do have a nucleus
• eukayote

  organism that is made up of eukaryotic cells
• prokaryotic cells are...


  small, simple, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, single loop of DNA (nucleosome), no cellulose, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall (made of carbs), sometimes have cilia or flagella (movement)
• eukaryotic cells are...


  larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins in chromosomes, cellulose in plant cell walls
• plant and animal cells have ...

  similarities and differences
• subcelluar structures


  different parts of a cell
• nucleus


  a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
• are animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?


  eukaryotic
• cytoplasm


  a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended and where chemical reactions occur with the enzymes in it
• cell membrane


  the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell which protects the cell controls what leaves and enters the cell
• mitochondria


  an organelle found in large numbers in the cell, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur
• ribosomes


  what makes proteins in the cell
• animal cells have...

  - nucleus

  - cytoplasm

  - cell membrane

  - mitochondria

  - ribosomes
• plant cells have...

  - nucleus

  - cytoplasm

  - cell membrane

  - mitochondria

  - ribosomes

  - cell wall

  - chloroplasts

  - (permanent) vacuole
• are plant cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?


  eukaryotic
• cell wall


  a rigid structure made of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
• chloroplasts


  organelles where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant, and contain chlorophyll that absorbs the light needed for photosynethesis
• (permanent) vacuole


  a sac inside the cell filled with cell sap to and maintain water balance help keep the cell turgid
• do animal cells have vacuoles?

  yes, but these are small and temporary - in animals, they are commonly used to store or transport substances
• what do animal cells lack that plant cells have?

  - cell wall

  - chloroplasts

  - (permanent) vacuole
• bacteria cells have...


  - cell membrane

  - cell wall

  - cytoplasm

  - circular strand of DNA

  - plasmid
• are bacteria cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?


  prokaryotic
• circular strand of DNA

  genetic material in bacteria which floats freely in the cytoplasm
• plasmid


  small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of bacteria cells