photosynthesis

• photosynthesis produces ... using ...

  glucose, light
• carbon dioxide and water turns into ... after photosynthesis

  glucose and oxygen
• glucose and oxygen from photosynthesis is made from...

  carbon dioxide and water
• photosynthesis word equation


  carbon dioxide + water --> glucose and oxygen
• photosynthesis symbol equation


  6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
• what else does photosynthesis require?

  light and chlorophyll
• how do plants use glucose?

  - for respiration

  - making cellulose

  - making amino acids

  - stored as oils or fats

  - stored as starch
• how do plants use glucose for respiration?

  this transfers energy from glucose which enables the plants to convert the rest of the glucose into various other useful substances
• how do plants use glucose for making cellulose?

  glucose is converted into cellulose for making strong plant cell walls
• how do plants use glucose for making amino acids?

  glucose is combined with nitrate ions (absorbed from soil) to make amino acids, which are then made into proteins
• how do plants glucose as stored oils or fats?

  glucose is turned into lipids (fats and oils) for storing in seeds
• how do plants use glucose as stored starch?

  glucose is turned into starch and stored in the roots, stems and leaves, ready for when photosynthesis isn't happening, like in the winter. starch is insoluble, which makes it much better for storing than glucose - cell with lots of glucose in would draw in loads of water and swell up
• what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

  light, carbon dioxide, temperature
• a limiting factor is a condition...

  that when in shortage, slows down the rate of a reaction
• what happens to photosynthesis when there is not enough light?

  the rate of photosynthesis is slowed down
• as light intensity is raised, the rate of photosynthesis...


  steadily increases, but only up to a certain point
• beyond a certain point, increasing light intensity won't make a difference because...

  there will be other limiting factors (temperature or carbon dioxide level)
• if light intensity is too high...

  photooxidation occurs, which results in destruction of chlorophyll
• rate of photosynthesis graph (light)

  
• what happens to photosynthesis when there is not enough carbon dioxide?

  the rate of photosynthesis is slowed down
• as carbon dioxide level is raised, the rate of photosynthesis...


  steadily increases, but only up to a certain point
• beyond a certain point, increasing carbon dioxide level won't make a difference because...

  there will be other limiting factors (light or temperature level)
• too much carbon dioxide results in...

  limitation/the stopping of the production of nutrients plants give off
• the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is...

  0.03% (0.1% in commercial greenhouses)
• rate of photosynthesis graph (carbon dioxide)

  
• what happens to photosynthesis when it is too cold?

  the rate of photosynthesis is slowed down
• as temperature is raised, the rate of photosynthesis...


  steadily increases, but only up to a certain point
• what happens to photosynthesis when the temperature is too hot?

  the rate of photosynthesis dramatically decreases until stopping completely due to the denaturing of enzymes
• photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes, which...


  work best at warmer temperatures
• what what temperature do enzymes work best?

  37°C
• rate of photosynthesis graph (temperature)

  
• at temperatures above 40°C, the enzymes in the plant are...

  denatured, decreasing or even stopping the rate of photosynthesis
• ... production shows the rate of photosynthesis

  oxygen
• when you double the distance between a plant and its light source, the light intensity reduces to...

  a quarter
• light intensity formula


  1/distance squared
• how do greenhouses create an ideal environment for plants to grow?

  - artificial light from lamps is provided after the sun sets

  - the level of carbon dioxide is increased by burning natural gas/liquid carbon dioxide or using a paraffin burner

  - heat from the sun is trapped inside. in the winter a heater may be used and in the summer shades/ventilation may be used to cool things down