Cell Structure

• What should you be able to demonstrate by the end of this topic on microscopes?

  Knowledge of microscopy and cell structures
• What is the difference between magnification and resolution?

  Magnification enlarges images; resolution clarifies details
• What is magnification in microscopy?

  Number of times an image is enlarged
• What is a microphotograph?

  A photograph from an optical microscope
• What are organelles?

  Small structures within cells with specific functions
• What is a photomicrograph?

  A photograph from an optical microscope
• How does resolution affect image clarity?

  Higher resolution means clearer images
• What does a magnification of ×100 indicate?

  Specimen appears 100 times larger
• What is the wavelength range of visible light?

  400 nm to 700 nm
• What is the limitation of optical microscopes regarding resolution?

  Cannot magnify beyond 200 nm clearly
• What are the advantages of optical microscopes?

  • Relatively cheap
  • Easy to use
  • Portable for field use
  • Can study whole living specimens
• What is the maximum magnification of present-day light microscopes?

  Up to ×2000
• What is the formula for calculating total magnification?

  Total magnification = eyepiece × objective lens
• What is a photomicrograph?

  Image from an optical microscope
• What are the features of laser scanning microscopes?

  • Use laser light for scanning
  • High resolution and contrast
  • Depth selectivity for structures
  • Used in medical and biological research
• How do laser scanning microscopes assist in medical diagnosis?

  They observe fungal filaments in corneas
• What is another name for laser scanning microscopes?

  Confocal microscopes
• What is the purpose of adjusting the diaphragm while viewing a specimen?

  To optimize light for better visibility
• What should you do when carrying a microscope?

  Hold it with one arm and support the base
• What is the role of the coarse focus knob?

  To bring the specimen into focus
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  They are small structures for protein synthesis
• What is the first step in using a light microscope?

  Place the slide correctly on the stage
• Why are optical microscopes still widely used today?

  They are affordable and user-friendly
• How do modern digital microscopes differ from traditional optical microscopes?

  They display images on a computer screen
• What should you be able to demonstrate by the end of this topic?

  Knowledge of microscopy and cell structures
• What is the difference between magnification and resolution?

  Magnification enlarges images; resolution clarifies details
• What is magnification in microscopy?

  Number of times an image is enlarged
• What is a microphotograph?

  Photograph from an optical microscope
• What are organelles?

  Small structures within cells with specific functions
• What is a photomicrograph?

  Photograph from an optical microscope
• What does higher resolution mean for an image?

  Clearer image with more detail visible
• How does magnification affect the appearance of a specimen?

  Specimen appears larger than its actual size
• What is the maximum magnification of optical microscopes?

  Up to ×1500 or ×2000
• Why are optical microscopes still widely used?

  They are cheap, easy, and portable
• What is the wavelength range of visible light?

  400 nm to 700 nm
• What happens to structures closer than 200 nm under optical microscopes?

  They appear as one object
• What are ribosomes?

  Very small, non-membrane-bound cell structures
• What is the purpose of the focus knob on a microscope?

  To adjust for optimum viewing of the specimen
• How should a microscope be carried?

  Hold it with one arm and support the base
• How do you calculate total magnification?

  Eyepiece magnification × objective magnification