L3.2.5: Screening

• Screening

  1. Ask

  ● Family history of Diabetes Mellitus

  ● Symptoms of DM – polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss.
• Screening

  2. Screening

  1. Fasting Blood Sugar Test (FBS Test) - 126 above
  2. 2-HOUR Blood Sugar Test (OGTT) – 200 above
  3. Random Blood Sugar Test (RBS Test) – 200 above
• Fasting Blood Sugar Test (FBS Test) – 126 above

  ■ Blood sample is obtained and its blood glucose level is checked for hyperglycemia.

  ■ There must be eight hours of fasting prior to the test.
• Fasting Blood Sugar Test (FBS Test) – 126 above

  
  

  Inference - FBS Normal - 99 or below

  Prediabetes - 100 to 125

  Diabetes - 126 or above
• 2-HOUR Blood Sugar Test (OGTT) – 200 above

  ■ Also known as Oral Glucose Tolerance Test / Glucose Challenge Test

  ■ No food or drink 8 or 12 hours prior to the test.

  ■ Glucose solution (that is sweet) is introduced.

  ■ Then blood is tested two hours later.

  ● 75 grams of sugar is dissolved in water.

  ■ Result: High Glucose Level = Potential Diabetes
• 2-HOUR Blood Sugar Test (OGTT) – 200 above

  Inference - OGTT

  Normal - 139 or below Prediabetes - 140 to 199 Diabetes - 200 or above
• Random Blood Sugar Test (RBS Test) – 200 above

  ■ Also known as Casual Blood Glucose Test

  ■ The usual, most available, and most widely used form of screening.

  ■ An individual obtains blood sugar level daily for monitoring purposes.

  ■ Taken usually before meals
• Random Blood Sugar Test (RBS Test) – 200 above

  ■ The blood sample is put on a test strip which is then tested using a blood glucose meter (glucometer).

  ● A log book is used for keeping track

  ■ Fasting is expected for a more accurate result but is not required.

  ■ If blood sugar is high, the doctor will give units (not in milligram) of insulin.
• Random Blood Sugar Test (RBS Test) – 200 above

  Inference - RBS Normal Prediabetes Diabetes - 200 or above
• Inference | FBS | OGTT | RBS

  Normal | ≤ 99 | ≤ 139

  Prediabetes | 100 - 125 | 140 - 199

  Diabetes | ≥ 126 | ≥ 200 | ≥ 200
• RISK FACTORS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

  MODIFIABLE

  ● Lifestyle

  ● Eating Habits

  ● Existing Health Problems
• RISK FACTORS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

  NON-MODIFIABLE

  ● Race

  ● Genetics

  ● Age
• PREVENTION & CONTROL OF DIABETES MELLITUS

  1. Maintain body weight and prevent obesity.

  2. Encourage proper nutrition

  3. Promote regular physical activity and exercise

  4. Smoking cessation for active smokers and prevent exposure to secondhand smoke.