psychology approaches

• the biological approach assumes that genetics has an influence, evolution has an influence, the CNS is the main focus when assessing behaviour, and the hormones secreted have an impact on how we act
• the behaviorist approach assumes that behaviour is learned from experience, animals work the same as humans, we are born a blank slate
• classical conditioning is part of the behaviorist approach, when an association is made and a reflex occurs.
• the cognitive approach assumes that thought processes should be studied scientifically, the mind works like a computer with the output and input
• schema is part of the cognitive approach and is a collection of ideas and characteristics about something formed through experiences.

  it aids in retention and predicts the world around us; they are unique to each person as they are formed through experience
• AARM stands for...

  A - attention

  R - retention

  R - replication

  M - motivation
• Schema is part of the cognitive approach
• Little hans is part of the psychodynamic approach
• Ellie’ ABC model and Broadbents model is part of the cognitive approach
• Maslow and Roger’s are part of the humanistic approach
• Bobo doll experiment is part of the behaviourist approach
• The cognitive approach approves of the use of computer and theoretical models
• The behaviourist approach thinks the study of animals is good
• The behaviourist approach: stimulus, Pavlov, skinner, conditioning, bobo doll
• Cognitive approach: use of computer and theoretical models, input and output, models (Ellis and broadbent)
• Humanistic approach: Roger’s and Maslow, self actualisation, ideal send etc…
• The nomothetic approach is based on establishing general laws that apply to large groups of people
• The ideographic approach is based on the individual experiences and believes that treatment should be specialised, along with experiments not being generalised
• reductionism:

  breaking it down into smaller, simpler components

  reducing a behaviour within itself
• holism:

  emphasizes the interconnectedness of different aspects of human behavior and the mind.
• holism and reductionism:

  A) social and cultural

  B) psychological

  C) biological

  
• reductionist approaches:

  • biological approach
  • behavioural
  • cognitive
• holistic approaches;

  • humanistic
  • psychodynamic
• reductionism:

  • Pros - faster, cheaper, develops drug treatments, saves lives
  • cons - ignores other possible explanations
• holism:

  • pros - makes individuals feel heard, more specific, caters to individual
  • Cons -more expensive, time-consuming, subjective
• interactionist perspective:

  all explanations have relevance, it varies depending on situation