Tooth numbering system

• Who discovered the Zsigmondy-Palmer system?

  Adolf Zsigmondy
• What does the Zsigmondy-Palmer system use to record tooth positions?

  A Zsigmondy cross

  
• How are adult teeth numbered in the Zsigmondy-Palmer system?

  1 to 8

  
• What are primary teeth also known as?

  Deciduous, milk, or baby teeth
• How did Palmer change the tooth numbering for primary teeth?

  Changed Roman numerals to letters A, B, C, D, E
• What is the advantage of the Palmer notation system?

  Less mistakes in identifying teeth
• What is a disadvantage of the Palmer notation system?

  Cannot be written by the computer
• Who proposed the universal numbering system?

  Julius Parredidt
• What is the tooth designated "1" in the universal numbering system?

  Maxillary right third molar
• What is a disadvantage of the universal numbering system?

  Difficult to remember tooth numbers

  
• What does the FDI system use to indicate tooth type?

  The second digit of a two-digit code
• What is the first digit in the FDI system for permanent teeth?

  1 through 4

  
• What is a common sequence for the eruption of mandibular permanent teeth?

  First molar, central incisor, lateral incisor

  
• Why is it desirable for the mandibular canine to erupt before the premolars?

  To maintain adequate arch length
• What can happen if the mandibular second permanent molar erupts before the second premolar?

  It can cause mesial migration of the first molar
• What happens if primary molars are lost prematurely in the maxillary arch?

  First permanent molar may drift mesially
• What is a common eruption pattern for maxillary permanent teeth?

  First molar, central incisor, lateral incisor
• What role does the tongue play in the eruption of mandibular permanent incisors?

  Influences their position into normal alignment
• What may indicate that teeth will soon erupt in children?

  Increase in salivation and hand-to-mouth behavior
• What is a common behavior of a child during the eruption of primary teeth?

  Becoming restless and fretful
• What role do wth seem play in tooth positioning?

  They influence permanent incisors' normal positioning.
• What happens to the position of a newly erupted permanent tooth over time?

  Its position improves over several months.
• When is it justified to remove a primary tooth?

  When there is insufficient room for a permanent tooth.
• Why is extraction of other primary teeth not recommended?

  It may worsen arch length inadequacy.
• What is a common appearance of mandibular permanent incisors upon eruption?

  They often appear rotated and staggered.
• How does the tongue and lips affect the position of incisors?

  They improve the relationship within a few months.
• What is a sign that teeth may soon erupt in children?


  Increase in salivation and hand in mouth.
• What behavioral changes may occur during primary teeth eruption?

  The child may become restless and lose appetite.
• What conditions were incorrectly attributed to tooth eruption in the past?

  Croup, diarrhea, fever, convulsions, death.
• How should fever during tooth eruption be interpreted?

  As coincidental, not related to eruption.
• What may cause temporary pain before a tooth's complete emergence?


  Inflammation of gingival tissues.
• Is surgical removal of tissue covering a tooth indicated?

  No, it is not indicated.
• What can be used to relieve pain during tooth eruption?


  A nonirritating topical anesthetic.
• How often can a topical anesthetic be applied?

  Three or four times a day.
• What caution should be taken with topical anesthetics for infants?

  Systemic absorption can lead to toxicity.
• What can hasten the eruption process in children?

  Chewing on toast or a clean teething object.
• What is the largest time between eruptions of two successive permanent teeth?


  About 1.5 years.
• What is an eruption hematoma (eruption cyst)?

  A bluish-purple elevated area of tissue.
• What causes an eruption hematoma?

  Trauma and hemorrhage in the follicle.
• When does an eruption hematoma typically subside?

  After the tooth erupts.