Adaptations inderdependence and competition

• organism?


  A living being.
• population?


  group of organisms belonging to the same species and occupying the same habitat
• community?


  a group of organisms belong to different populations living in the same habitat and interacting
• ecosystem?


  all the organisms together with the abiotic factors that interact in an area. a community and its abiotic environment
• what is interdependence?


  species depending on another for stability
• how is everyone interdependent on the sun?

  the sun provides the energy for ecosystems
• what are the 4 biotic factors?

  • food availability
  • new predators
  • interspecific competition
  • new pathogen
• What are the two main types of factors affecting ecosystems?

  Biotic and abiotic factors
• What happens to animal reproduction when food availability is high?

  Animals will reproduce abundantly
• How does low food availability affect population size?

  It decreases the population size
• What can happen to organisms without defenses when a new predator is introduced?

  They can be quickly wiped out
• Give an example of a species affected by a new predator.

  Grey squirrels outcompeting red squirrels
• What can occur if a new infectious disease emerges in a population?

  It can wipe out the population
• How do abiotic factors affect photosynthesis?

  They limit the rate of photosynthesis
• What abiotic factors are mentioned that affect plant distribution?

  Light, temperature, moisture, soil pH
• How does light intensity affect animal breeding?

  It is linked to day length and light
• Why is water essential for organisms?

  It is necessary for survival
• What role do nitrates play for plants?

  They are needed for making proteins
• How can carnivorous plants survive in nitrate-deficient soil?

  They can trap and digest animals
• How do strong winds affect trees?

  They can change tree shape and increase transpiration
• What is the importance of oxygen availability for organisms?

  It is needed for aerobic respiration
• What adaptations do living organisms have for extreme habitats?

  They have structural, behavioral, and functional adaptations
• What are structural adaptations?

  Features of an organism's body
• Give an example of a structural adaptation in carnivorous animals.

  Sharp canines in carnivores
• What is a behavioral adaptation example?

  Hibernation to conserve energy
• What is migration in animals?

  Moving from one place to another
• What are functional adaptations?

  Processes occurring inside the body
• How do fish adapt to cold conditions?

  They have antifreeze chemicals in cells
• What adaptations do cacti have for water conservation?

  They have enlarged stems for water storage
• How do epiphytes collect water?

  They collect water from the air
• What adaptations do marram grass have for reducing water loss?

  Rolled leaves with a waxy cuticle
• How do orchids trick male wasps for reproduction?

  They mimic female wasps to attract males
• What are extremophiles?

  Organisms adapted to extreme conditions
• What extreme conditions can extremophiles survive in?

  Intense heat, freezing cold, high pressure
• How do tardigrades survive harsh conditions?

  By slowing their metabolic rate
• What temperature can thermophiles survive?

  Over 45°C, often up to 80°C
• Why can most bacteria not survive in salty environments?

  Osmosis would cause water loss
• Name an example of an extremophile.

  Polar bears
• What is the role of light in plant competition?

  Plants compete for light for photosynthesis
• How do giant water lilies compete for light?

  They have large flat leaves to float