Week 4 ACL injuries

• What ligament takes strain when the tibia is pulled forward?

  ACL

  
• What ligament takes strain when the tibia is pulled backward?

  PCL
• Which joint is most commonly injured in sports?

  Knee
• What is the incidence of ACL injuries per 100,000 people?

  Approximately 30 cases

  
• How many ACL injury cases do most A+E departments see weekly?

  Approximately 2 cases
• What is a characteristic of ACL injury recovery?

  Long period of recovery
• What are the two main categories of ACL injury mechanisms?

  • Direct contact (30%)
  • Non-contact (70%)

  
• What is the most common mechanism of ACL injury?

  Non-contact
• What are common non-contact mechanisms for ACL injury?

  Sudden deceleration, land, cut, pivot

  
• What are common contact mechanisms for ACL injury?

  Foot on floor in external rotation
• What is a common sign of ACL injury?

  A audible pop at the time of injury
• What symptom occurs immediately after an ACL injury?

  Immediate swelling
• What is hemarthrosis in relation to ACL injury?

  Bleeding in the joint cavity
• What is a common symptom of ACL injury related to movement?

  Instability or giving way

  
• What is a symptom of ACL injury related to temperature?

  Heat
• What is a symptom indicating inability to return to play after ACL injury?

  Unable to return to play
• What is a common symptom of ACL injury related to range of motion?

  Loss of ROM
• What are the classic diagnostic tests for ACL injury?

  • Anterior Draw Test (Lachman)
  • Pivot shift test
  • MRI scan
• What is the Q-angle's link to ACL injury?

  Conflicting link to increased ACL injury
• What is the stronger link related to Q-angle?

  Link to PFP
• In which type of athletes is the Q-angle important?

  Quadriceps dominant athletes
• What condition is associated with growing children related to ACL injury?

  Osgood-Schlatter disease
• What are the types of fatigue related to ACL injury?

  • Acute fatigue
  • Residual fatigue
  • Accumulated fatigue
• What are key notes regarding ACL injury mechanisms?

  • Multifunctional and complex mechanisms
  • Some non-modifiable factors
  • Females are high risk, but males also affected
  • Variability in movement may be beneficial
  • Accumulated fatigue is a risk factor

  
• What is the focus when considering ACL injury risk factors?

  Focus on modifiable factors

  
• How much more likely are males to suffer ACL injuries compared to females?

  6-8 times more likely
• What is the complexity of managing accumulated fatigue?

  Managing load is complex