RNA

• What protein is DNA in eukaryotic cells associated with?

  Histone
• How is DNA stored inside a prokaryotic cell?

  It is circular and suspended in cytoplasm
• Where would you find plasmids?

  In bacteria
• What are the three basic components of nucleotides?

  • Sugar
  • Base
  • Phosphate
• Why do adenine pair with thymine and guanine with cytosine?

  Purine base bonds with a pyrimidine base
• If 19.9% of base pairs in human DNA are guanine, what percentage is thymine?

  30.1%
• What is RNA and how does it differ from DNA?

  • RNA is shorter and less stable
  • Contains uracil instead of thymine
  • Is single-stranded
• What sugar does RNA contain?

  Ribose
• What are the nitrogen-containing bases in RNA?

  Adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine
• What are the differences between RNA and DNA?

  • RNA contains ribose; DNA contains deoxyribose
  • RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine
  • RNA is single-stranded; DNA is double-stranded
  • RNA is shorter than DNA
• What is the complementary RNA sequence for ATGCCTGAAACGTACAGT?

  UACGGACUUUGCAUGUCA
• What are the three types of RNA and their roles?

  • mRNA: Transfers genetic information to ribosomes
  • rRNA: Makes up ribosomes with protein
  • tRNA: Carries amino acids to ribosomes
• What is the role of mRNA?

  Transfers code to produce polypeptides
• Why is RNA needed to make proteins?

  DNA is too large to leave the nucleus
• What is the structure of tRNA?

  It is clover-shaped with an anticodon
• What does the anticodon on tRNA do?

  It pairs with the codon on mRNA
• What are the similarities and differences between mRNA and tRNA?

  Similarities:

  • Both are types of RNA
  • Involved in protein synthesis

  
  

  Differences:

  • mRNA is larger and less stable
  • tRNA is smaller and more stable
  • mRNA is single-stranded; tRNA is clover-shaped
• What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?

  Similarities:

  • Both are nucleic acids
  • Both contain adenine, guanine, and cytosine

  
  

  Differences:

  • DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded
  • DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil
  • DNA is larger; RNA is shorter
• What is the function of DNA?

  It carries genetic information
• What is the function of tRNA?

  Transfers amino acids based on mRNA code
• What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?

  • Prokaryotic DNA is smaller and circular
  • Eukaryotic DNA is larger and linear
  • Prokaryotic DNA is not associated with histones
  • Eukaryotic DNA has chromosomes and introns
• How many molecules of DNA are in a prokaryotic cell?

  One molecule per cell
• What are plasmids?

  Small circular DNA molecules in bacteria
• How does the stability of mRNA compare to tRNA?

  mRNA is less stable than tRNA
• What is the role of rRNA in the cell?

  It makes up ribosomes with proteins
• What is the shape of DNA?

  Double helix
• What is the shape of tRNA?

  Clover-shaped
• What is the location of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

  Nucleus
• What is the location of mRNA and tRNA?

  Manufactured in nucleus, found throughout cell
• What is the function of rRNA?

  Involved in protein synthesis
• How does the function of mRNA differ from tRNA?

  mRNA transfers information; tRNA transfers amino acids
• What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What is the function of DNA in the cell?

  It carries genetic information
• What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

  Transfers code from DNA to ribosomes
• What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

  Transfers amino acids based on mRNA code
• What is the role of rRNA in the ribosome?

  It helps form the structure of ribosomes
• What is the significance of the shape of tRNA?

  Its shape allows it to carry amino acids
• How does the stability of DNA compare to RNA?

  DNA is more stable than RNA
• What is the role of the anticodon in tRNA?

  It pairs with the codon on mRNA
• What is the role of the phosphate group in nucleotides?

  It forms the backbone of DNA and RNA