studies

• Aries 1962: 'little adults' and economic assets. infancy --> adulthood, more industrialisation (work moves from familial to factory) = more social construction.
• Aries 1962: higher demand for numerate and literate workforce led to the introduction of compulsory education in 1880
• Gittens 1998: children have different childhood based on ethnicity, class and gender
• Brannen 1994 : asian children more likely to take part in chores, girls with mothers in full time work - more likely to take part in caring for family on top of chores
• Brannen and Bhatti 1994: girls under stricter parental control then brothers
• Stratham and Owen 2009: disproportionate number of black and ethnic minorities in care and on child protection registers
• Hillman et al's 1990: percentage of children aged 7 and 8 years old allowed to walk home from school on their own decreased from 80% in 1971 to 9% in 1990
• What was Hillman et al.'s 1990 study also called?


  One False Move
• Bonke 1999: boys contribute less towards chores. Lone parent families - girls 5X more likely to perform chores than brothers
• Katz 2001: longitudinal, ethnographic study between Sudanese village and Harlem working class. Found both had poor job prospects due to little education causing lower skill
• Postman 1994: advertising and sexualisation has led to the disappearance of childhood
• UNICEF: British children some of the unhappiest in the worlds and prone to poor physical and mental health, school failure and dysfunctional relationships with parents and peers
• Postman 1994: distinction between adult and child culture merging meaning children are no longer sheltered from adult experiences due to the growth of global media
• Cunningham 2006: parental authority undermined by pocket money and part time jobs
• Margo 1992: advertising directed towards children is creating a generation of consumers demanding access to adult world sooner
• Palmer 2006: longer parental working hours leads to children being more reliant on technology leading to 'toxic child syndrome' where children are deprived of an adequate childhood
• Womack: 31% of children exposed to sibling abuse
• Bowes 2014: risk of depression and anxiety doubled for child victims of sibling abuse