Sleep and dreaming

• Why is slow wave sleep important for healing?

  It helps heal cells in the body
• What is one function of sleep?

  Physical repair
• How does sleep affect hormone balance?

  It regulates hunger and blood sugar levels
• What happens to the immune system during sleep?

  Its activity increases, killing pathogens
• What triggers the release of growth hormones during sleep?

  Deep sleep
• What is the role of REM sleep for the brain?

  It resets the brain and consolidates memories
• What is a consequence of not getting enough sleep?

  Weak immune system
• How does lack of sleep affect mood?

  It can cause mood swings
• What can happen to energy levels with insufficient sleep?

  You may feel lethargic or low energy
• Why do we sleep at night?

  To stay safe from predators in the dark
• Why do children need more sleep than adults?

  • They require more physical repair for growth
  • They need sleep for brain development and memory consolidation
• What are the stages of the sleep cycle?

  1. Stage 1: Light sleep (10%)
  2. Stage 2: Light sleep (50%)
  3. Stage 3: Deep sleep (10%)
  4. Stage 4: Deep sleep (10%)
  5. Stage 5: REM sleep (20%)
• How long does a complete sleep cycle take?

  90 minutes
• How many minutes do you spend in Stage 2 of sleep on average?

  45 minutes
• What is the role of melatonin in sleep onset?

  Regulates sleep-wake cycles
• When is melatonin produced by the pineal gland?

  At night when it gets dark
• What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus do?

  Receives light information from the retina
• What is an exogenous zeitgeber?

  External cues like light that regulate rhythms
• What is an endogenous pacemaker?

  Internal features that manage bodily rhythms
• How do exogenous zeitgebers and endogenous pacemakers work together?

  They regulate the sleep cycle through signals
• What might happen if the hypothalamus is damaged?

  Sleep disruption may occur
• What did Siffre's research conclude about the sleep/wake cycle?

  • Humans have a natural sleep/wake cycle
  • Without external cues, it settles at 25 hours
• What are the two types of insomnia?

  1. Sleep onset insomnia
  2. Sleep maintenance insomnia
• What is a cause of sleep onset insomnia?

  Too much caffeine or nicotine
• What is a cause of sleep maintenance insomnia?

  Restless leg syndrome
• What tips can help with sleep onset insomnia?

  • Avoid caffeine and nicotine before bed
  • Avoid heavy meals before sleep
  • Limit video game usage at night
• What tips can help with sleep maintenance insomnia?

  • Avoid alcohol before bed
  • Sleep separately from snorers
  • Consider menopausal medicine
• What are the three parts of the unconscious mind according to Freud?

  Conscious, preconscious, unconscious
• What is manifest content in dreams?

  The story the dreamer tells
• What is latent content in dreams?

  The underlying meaning of the dream
• What role do symbols play in dreams?

  They disguise unconscious desires and thoughts
• What are the criticisms of Freud's theory of dreams?

  • Considered too subjective
  • Difficult to test and verify
  • Based on unreliable research
• Who was the Wolfman in Freud's study?

  Sergei Pankejeff
• What was the aim of Freud's study on the Wolfman?

  To investigate his mental illness
• What method did Freud use in his study of the Wolfman?

  Case study
• What did the Wolfman dream about?

  White wolves outside his window
• What does the dream of white wolves symbolize?

  Fear and anxiety about his life
• What is the main focus of Freud's theory?

  The unconscious mind's influence on individuals
• How did Freud differentiate between neurosis and psychosis?

  Neurosis involves awareness, psychosis does not
• What methods did Freud use to gather data?

  Case studies, free association, dream analysis