Classic Study- Baddeley

• What was the aim of Baddeley's 1966 study?

  To investigate word similarity's influence on memory
• How many participants were involved in Baddeley's study?

  72 participants
• What type of experiment did Baddeley conduct?

  Lab experiment
• What were the types of word lists used in the study?

  Acoustically and semantically similar/dissimilar
• How long was each word presented to participants?

  Three seconds
• What task did participants complete after the word recall?

  Six tasks involving memory for digits
• What was the duration of the distractor task given to participants?

  15 minutes
• What was the method of the surprise recall task?

  Words were shown on a card
• What was the significant finding regarding acoustically similar words?

  They were recalled worse than dissimilar words
• What percentage of semantically similar words were recalled?

  Approximately 60%
• What percentage of semantically dissimilar words were recalled?

  Approximately 85%
• What conclusion was drawn about short-term memory?

  It is acoustically encoded
• What conclusion was drawn about long-term memory?

  It is semantically encoded
• What are the strengths of Baddeley's study?

  • Highly replicable due to standardization
  • High control eliminates extraneous variables
  • Independent measures reduce order effects
  • Sample includes both genders for generalizability
• What are the weaknesses of Baddeley's study?

  • Lacks ecological validity due to lab setting
  • Participant variables may affect results
  • Sample characteristics may limit generalizability
  • Potential boredom or fatigue from repeated trials
• How does the independent measures design benefit the study?

  It reduces order effects and participant fatigue
• Why is the study's ecological validity considered low?

  It doesn't reflect real-life memory tasks
• What could participant variables affect in the study?

  Scores on the memory tests
• What does the term "mundane realism" refer to in this context?

  How closely the study reflects real-life situations
• What was the statistical significance level for trial 2 results?

  P<0.05
• What was the statistical significance level for the surprise recall results?

  P<0.005
• What does "extraneous variables" refer to in the study?

  Variables that could affect the results
• How does the study's design help focus on the effects of the independent variable?

  By eliminating distractions and controlling conditions
• What is the significance of using both males and females in the sample?

  It enhances the generalizability of the results
• What type of word lists were used in the study?

  Acoustically and semantically similar/dissimilar