Particle model of matter

• What is the particle model of matter primarily about?

  States of matter and particle behavior
• How do solid particles behave?

  They vibrate slightly in fixed positions
• How do liquid particles differ from solid particles?

  They move around randomly but are still touching
• What characterizes gas particles?

  They move freely and rapidly in space
• What happens when energy is added to a solid?

  It turns into a liquid through melting
• What occurs when energy is removed from a gas?

  It condenses into a liquid
• How is density defined?

  Mass per unit volume
• What is the equation for density?

  $\rho =$$\frac{mass}{volume}$
• What are the units for mass?

  Kilograms
• What are the units for volume?

  Meters cubed
• What are the units for density?

  Kilograms per meters cubed
• What does specific heat capacity measure?

  Energy needed to raise temperature of substance
• What is the equation for change in energy?

  $change \, in \, energy =$$mass \times specific \, heat \, capacity \times change \, in \, temperature$
• What are the units for energy?

  Joules
• What are the units for specific heat capacity?

  Joules per kilogram degrees Celsius
• What is latent heat?

  Energy needed to change solid to liquid
• What is the equation for latent heat?

  $energy =$$mass \times specific \, latent \, heat$
• What are the units for specific latent heat?

  Joules per kilogram
• How does temperature affect molecular energy distribution?

  • At low temperatures, more molecules have low energy.
  • At high temperatures, more molecules have high energy.
  • The average kinetic energy is the area under the graph.
• What happens to average kinetic energy during evaporation?

  It lowers as molecules evaporate
• What is the relationship between gas pressure and volume in a closed container?

  • Pressure increases as more gas is added.
  • Gas exerts force on container walls.
  • Pressure is calculated as volume times a constant.
• What are the units for pressure?

  Pascal
• What are the units for volume in the context of gas pressure?

  Meters cubed