Digestion

• What must large food molecules do before absorption?


  They need to be broken down
• What do digestive enzymes do to macromolecules?

  They break bonds into monomers
• What type of reaction is hydrolysis?

  It uses a water molecule to break bonds
• What are examples of monomers absorbed in the ileum?

  Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol
• What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?

  Amylase
• Where is amylase produced?

  In the salivary glands and pancreas
• What does maltase do?

  It hydrolyses maltose into glucose
• What are membrane-bound disaccharidases?

  Disaccharidases attached to epithelial cells
• How is glucose absorbed in the ileum?

  By cotransport with sodium ions
• What is the role of lipase in digestion?

  It hydrolyses lipids into monoglycerides and fatty acids
• Where are lipases synthesized?

  In the pancreas
• What is the function of bile salts?

  To emulsify large lipid droplets
• What do micelles do in lipid digestion?

  They help move digested lipids to the epithelium
• What do proteases break down?

  Proteins into amino acids
• What is the role of endopeptidases?

  They digest polypeptides in the middle of the chain
• What is pepsin?

  An endopeptidase that digests proteins
• How are amino acids absorbed in the ileum?

  By cotransport with sodium ions