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BB 𓆩⟡𓆪
Proteins
Lecture 01
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Cards (37)
What do proteins carry out in a cell?
Most
activities
of the cell
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How many different proteins can a typical human cell have?
Up to
10,000
different proteins
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What is the role of structural proteins?
Provide
mechanical support
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Name two intracellular structural proteins.
Tubulin
and
actin
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Name two extracellular structural proteins.
Keratin
and
collagen
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What do transcription factors do?
Switch
genes
on
and
off
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What is the function of enzymes?
Accelerate the rate of
metabolic
reactions
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How many enzymes are the main source of energy for cells?
8
enzymes
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What do membrane transporters do?
Determine what
substances
enter
and
leave
the cell
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What role do receptors play in cells?
Participate in
signaling
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What is the role of antibodies?
Involved in
immune response
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What do motor proteins do?
Transport
cellular cargo
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What is kinesin's role?
Moves along a
microtubule
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What is myosin's function?
Generates
muscular contraction
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What are the key functions of proteins?
Structure
Regulation
Transport
Catalysis
Signalling
Immune defence
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How are proteins formed from genes?
mRNA
is translated according to
genetic code
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What is the structure of an amino acid?
Contains
alpha chiral carbon
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What do side chains of amino acids determine?
Properties
of the
amino
acids
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What are polar side chains?
Hydrophilic
side chains
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What are apolar side chains?
Hydrophobic
side chains
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What affects the distribution of polar and hydrophobic amino acids?
Protein environment
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What happens to acidic amino acids?
Lose
H+
and gain
negative charge
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What happens to basic amino acids?
Can accept
H+
and gain
positive charge
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What do polar uncharged amino acids do?
Form
hydrogen bonds
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What is unique about cysteine residues?
Form
disulfide bonds
with other cysteines
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What are derived amino acids?
Formed by
post-translational
modifications
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How are amino acids linked together?
By
peptide bonds
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How many amino acids do proteins contain?
50
or more amino acids
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What is the longest polypeptide?
Titin
with
27,000
amino acids
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What is the characteristic of peptide bonds?
Have
partial
double bond character
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What is the configuration of almost all peptide bonds?
Trans
configuration
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Which amino acid has similar energies in cis and trans configurations?
Proline
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What are the groups linked to the Cα atom in amino acids?
Amine
group
Carboxyl
group
H
atom
Side chain
(R group)
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What types of side chains can amino acids have?
Hydrophobic
Polar
uncharged
Polar
charged
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Which amino acids are often found on the surface of cytosolic proteins?
Lysine
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Which amino acids are found in the core of cytosolic proteins?
Leucine
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The peptide bond between the first and second residue in the protein is between which atoms?
C
from res. 1 and
N
from res. 2
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