Ionic Bonding - Chemistry

• What is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal?

  An ionic compound
• What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

  A giant lattice structure
• Why is a lot of energy needed to overcome ionic bonds?

  Because of their strong ionic bonds
• What is an ion?

  An electrically charged particle
• How is an ion formed?

  When an atom gains or loses electrons
• What happens to metal atoms when they form ions?

  They lose electrons to form positive ions
• What do non-metal atoms do to form ions?

  They gain electrons to form negative ions
• What is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal?

  An ionic compound
• What is the charge of a proton?

  +1
• What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

  A giant lattice structure
• What is the charge of an electron?

  -1
• Why is a lot of energy needed to overcome ionic bonds?

  Because of their strong ionic bonds
• How do metal atoms achieve full outer shells?

  By losing electrons
• What are ions?

  Electrically charged particles
• How do non-metal atoms achieve full outer shells?

  By gaining electrons
• How are cations formed?

  By losing electrons
• What is the relationship between group number and electrons lost or gained?

  • Group 1: 1 electron lost
  • Group 2: 2 electrons lost
  • Group 3: 3 electrons lost
  • Group 6: 2 electrons gained (8 - 6)
  • Group 7: 1 electron gained (8 - 7)
• What are negatively charged ions called?

  Anions
• What is the symbol for a sodium ion?

  Na+
• What type of elements typically form cations?

  Most cations are formed from metals
• What is the charge on a magnesium ion?

  2+
• What type of elements typically form anions?

  Most anions are formed from non-metals
• What is the charge on an aluminum ion?

  3+
• What is the charge on an oxide ion?

  2-
• What happens during the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding?

  Electrons are transferred from metal to non-metal
• What is the charge on a chloride ion?

  -
• What is the charge of an electron?

  Negative charge
• How can the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an ion be calculated?

  From its atomic number, mass number, and ionic charge
• What is the role of oppositely charged ions in ionic bonding?

  They are strongly attracted to each other
• What is the atomic number of aluminum?

  13
• What does a dot and cross diagram represent?

  The transfer of electrons between atoms
• What is the mass number of calcium?

  40
• In a dot and cross diagram, how are electrons from different atoms represented?

  Dots and crosses
• How many neutrons are in a sulfide ion?

  16
• What happens when sodium reacts with chlorine?

  Electrons transfer from sodium to chlorine
• How many electrons does a neutral aluminum atom have?

  13
• How many electrons does a calcium ion (Ca 2+) have?

  18
• What is the process of ionic bonding?

  • Metal loses electrons to form cations
  • Non-metal gains electrons to form anions
  • Oppositely charged ions attract each other
  • Ionic bonds are formed
• What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

  An atom
• How many electrons does a sulfide ion (S 2-) have?

  18