Reversible reactions & dynamic equilibrium

• What are reversible reactions characterized by?

  A double arrow indicating both directions
• What does the term equilibrium mean in reversible reactions?

  Rates of forward and backward reactions are equal
• In a reversible reaction, what happens to the rates of reactions over time?

  The forward slows down, backward speeds up
• What occurs at equilibrium in a reversible reaction?

  Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
• Can the concentrations of reactants and products be different at equilibrium?

  Yes, they can be different amounts
• What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the right?

  There are more products than reactants
• How does temperature affect the position of equilibrium?

  Heat can shift equilibrium to more products
• What is required for equilibrium to be reached in a reversible reaction?

  A closed system where nothing escapes
• What is the nature of reversible reactions in terms of energy?

  One direction is exothermic, the other endothermic
• What happens to hydrated copper sulfate when heated?

  It decomposes to anhydrous copper sulfate
• What occurs when water is added to anhydrous copper sulfate?

  It reforms hydrated copper sulfate
• What are the key points about reversible reactions and equilibrium?

  • Reversible reactions have a double arrow
  • Equilibrium occurs when forward and backward rates are equal
  • Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
  • Position of equilibrium can shift based on conditions
  • One direction is exothermic, the other endothermic
• What does the term 'hydrated' mean in chemistry?

  Water is present in the compound
• What does the term 'anhydrous' mean in chemistry?

  No water is present in the compound
• What happens to energy during the forward endothermic reaction?

  It absorbs heat energy from surroundings
• What happens to energy during the backward exothermic reaction?

  It releases heat energy back to surroundings
• What is the process of thermal decomposition of hydrated copper sulfate?

  1. Heat hydrated copper sulfate (blue crystals)
  2. It decomposes to anhydrous copper sulfate (white powder) and water
  3. Remove heat and add water to anhydrous sulfate
  4. It reforms hydrated copper sulfate (blue crystals)