Organism and Its Classification

• Non-flowering plants can be classified into 3 groups: moss, fern, and conifer.
• Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers and fruits.
• Non-flowering plants reproduce through spores, binary fission, or seeds.
• Ferns live in damp and shady places, have chlorophyll, make their own food, reproduce by spores, and have real stems, leaves, and roots.
• Moss lives in damp places, has chlorophyll, makes its own food, reproduces by spores, and has real stems and leaves but does not have real roots.
• Conifers live in dry cool places, have chlorophyll, make their own food, reproduce by seed in cones, and have real stems, leaves, and roots.
• Flowers are produced for reproduction.
• Flowers reproduce by seeds.
• Flowers have true stem, roots, and leaves.
• Flowers can be divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
• Monocotyledons have one cotyledon, parallel veins in leaves, non-woody stem, and fibrous root.
• Dicotyledons have two cotyledons, network-like veins in leaves, woody stem, and taproot.
• Examples of monocotyledons include pineapple plants, orchid plants, paddy plants, and maize plants.
• Examples of dicotyledons include pineapple plants, orchid plants, paddy plants, maize plants, water lily plants, hibiscus plants, daisy plants, and rambutan tree.
• Biodiversity refers to the diversity of living organisms in an area.
• An organism refers to any living thing, including all land and sea life, flora or fauna.
• There are an estimated 10 to 100 million organisms on Earth, due to various climate and habitat types.
• Biodiversity, the diversity of organisms on Earth, is important for various reasons such as being a source of food, maintaining the balance of nature, providing medicinal resources, supporting research and education, serving as industrial raw material, and being a recreational place.
• Effective biodiversity management includes carrying out environmental education and awareness, enforcing laws, protecting habitats through national and state parks, wildlife reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, and marine parks, conserving life through breeding programs, and banning the killings or trafficking of endemic and threatened animals or plants.
• Vertebrates are animals with a backbone.
• Invertebrates are animals without a backbone and make up the largest number of animals on Earth, mostly insects.
• Invertebrates include animals like earthworms, leeches, flies, grasshoppers, cockroaches, and snails.
• Vertebrates are animals with a backbone and skull that protects the brain.
• Vertebrates can be classified into 5 groups, 3 of them are cold-blooded and 2 are warm-blooded.
• Cold-blooded animals (Poikilothermic) can change their body temperatures based on the environment.
• Warm-blooded animals (Homeothermic) have fixed body temperatures.
• Mammals are a type of vertebrate.
• Anteaters lay eggs and have dry scales on their bodies like reptiles.
• Platypus lay eggs and have beaks like ducks.
• Birds live on land, are warm-blooded, covered with feathers, have beaks, legs covered with dry scales, have wings, breathe through lungs, reproduce by laying eggs with shells, and undergo internal fertilization.
• Fish live in water, are cold-blooded, covered with slimy scales, breathe through gills, reproduce by laying eggs and undergo external fertilization.
• Dichotomous key is a method used to identify and classify organisms based on their similarities and differences for the systematic study of biodiversity.
• The equatorial climate of Malaysia makes it a very ideal habitat for a variety of organisms.
• Characteristics of invertebrates with legs:

  • have segmented bodies

  • have hard outer shells (exoskeleton)
• Amphibians are animals with the following common characteristics:

  • poikilothermic

  • live on land and in water

  • covered with moist skin

  • young amphibians breathe through gills

  • adult amphibians breathe using their lungs and moist skin

  • produce jelly-like eggs (spawn) without a shell

  • undergo external fertilisation
• The classification system helps scientists organize and study the vast diversity of living organisms.
• The classification of organisms is based on their similarities and differences in characteristics.
• Reptiles are a type of vertebrate that lay eggs and have scaly skin.
• Mammals are animals with the following common characteristics:

  • homeothermic

  • covered with fur or hair

  • breathe through lungs

  • undergo internal fertilisation

  • give birth and nurse their young
• Reptiles are animals with the following common characteristics:

  • poikilotermic

  • breathe through lungs

  • undergo internal fertilisation

  • produce eggs with shell