A01

• What did Fisher and Geiselman (92) claim?

  That EWT could be improved if the police use techniques based on psychological insights into how memory works
• Why was it called the cognitive interview?

  To indicate its foundation in cognitive psychology
• What is established with the interviewee?

  Rapport
• What are witnesses encouraged to do?

  Include every detail of an event even if it seems irrelevant or the witness isn't too confident about it
• What could seemingly trivial details be?

  Important and may trigger other memories
• What is the witnesses asked to do?

  Return to the OG crime scene in their mind and imagine the environment such as the weather and what they could see and their emotions e.g. what they felt
• What concept is this based on?

  Context-dependent forgetting

  Cues from the context may trigger recall
• How are events recalled?

  In a difference chronological order e.g. from the end back to the beginning or from the middle to the beginning
• What does reversing the order do?

  Prevents people using their expectations of how the event must've happened rather than the actual events

  It also prevents dishonesty - harder to produce a untruthful account if it has to be reversed
• What else do witnesses do?

  Recall the incident from other perspectives - how would it have appeared to another witness or to the perpetrator
• What does changing the perspective prevent?

  The influence of expectations and schema on recall - schema are packages of information developed through experience, they generate a framework for interpreting incoming information
• What did Fisher et al (87) develop?

  Additional elements of the CI
• What does this include?

  A focus on the social dynamics of the interaction e.g. knowing when to establish and relinquish eye contact
• What does the enhanced CI also include?

  Ideas such as reducing the eyewitness's anxiety, minimising distractions, getting the witness to speak slowly and asking open-ended questions
• What are the different criteria of the cognitive interview?

  • Report everything
  • Reinstate the context
  • Reverse the order
  • Change perspective