Grant

• what was the aim of grants study

  -to test context dependant memory
• what was the method used in grants study

  -lab experiment

  -independent measures
• what was the sample in grants study

  -39 ppts

  -ages 17-56

  -opportunity sample

  -8 psych students told to bring 5 acquaintances
• what were the variables in grants study

  -IV:- noisy or silent

  -matching or not matching

  -DV: a)recall- 10 short answer questions

  b)recognition-16 multiple choice questions

  -ppts put in one of the four conditions
• what was the procedure of grants study

  -ppts read article, allowed to highlight or underline

  -all ppts had headphones

  -silent: told they wont hear anything

  loud:told to ignore sound of cafeteria

  -reading times recorded by experimenters

  -2 min break

  -short answer questions given, then multiple choice

  -ppts debriefed
• results of grants study

  -ppts spent roughly eaqual amounts of time reading the material

  -no significant difference in recall scores wether material was learnt or retrieved in a noisy or silent environment

  -significant difference between matching and mismatching conditions: studying and retrieving in same conditions produces better results
• conclusions drawn from grants study

  -studying and testing in the same conditions produces better results

  -no overall effect of noise on performance

  implications: students are more likely to perform better if they study in a quiet area
• how does grants study link to the cognitive area

  -testing memory

  -noise is input, output is the scores on their tests

  -schema doesn't link
• sampling bias of grants study

  -opportunity sample (cant generalise)

  -small sample

  -both males anf females + different age ranges
• ethnocentrism of grants study

  -from same area and can't be generalised to other cultures

  -cognitive abilities don't differ between cultures though
• practice applications of grants study

  -showed that noise has no effect on recall

  -shows that matching conditions enhances performance
• reliability of grants study

  -high reliability, replicable, could be done again to get the same results

  -questions given in the same order (10 short answers, then 16 multiple choice)
• type of data in grants study

  -quantitative data
• research method used in grants study

  lab experiment:

  -standardised procedures

  -controlled conditions

  -demand characteristics
• ethics of grants study

  no ethical issues
• validity of grants study

  -high internal validity (good controls over extraneous variables, standardisation)

  -okay ecological validity (can apply to other learning conditions)