Experiments

• What is a Lab experiment

  .Method associated with natural sciences

  .used to test hypothesis ,in a situation where variables can be controlled

  .important variables can be manipulated in order to measure the impact of the subject
• What is a Field Experiment

  .Method carried out in a natural,everyday setting

  .less ability to control variables

  .possibility of extraneous variables

  closer to real life so people will behave naturally
• Summarise the Milgram Experiment

  .to test how far people would obey authoritative figures and see how far people would go.to test how far people would obey authoritative figures and see how far people would go

  .Milgram decieved participants about the purpose of the research telling them that it was involving research on learning and ordered by the researcher who failed to answer correctly

  .Purpose of the research was to test peoples willingness to obey ordered to inflict pain-when no electric shocks were actually recieved
• Summarise the Bandura experiment

  .aimed to find out if children learnt aggressive behaviour by observing adults acting in an aggressive manor.

  .3 groups -one watched actor behave aggressively towards a toy called a bobo doll, next group exposed to non aggressive actor playing quietly, last group no actor and children just played

  .told not to allowed to play to frustrate them

  .first group acted aggressively to the doll

  .proved children learnt social behaviour like aggression is through observation
• Summarise the Zimbardo experiment

  .to study the relationship between prisoner and prison officer and to find out why guards were brutal

  .mock arrest and 1/2 were prisoners other were officers

  .findings-the power of labels and roles, people internalise roles and associated norms resulting in disturbing behaviour.power over others results in abuse of power

  .prison officers behaved aggressively towards prisoners
• Summarise the Rosenthal and Jacobsen Field Experiment

  .aimed to test the relationship between teacher expectations and student achievements

  .students given an IQ test beginning of school year,20% of students randomly selected by researchers and identified teachers as having unusual potential for intellectual growth and could bloom in the academic year ahead

  .another test 8 months later-late bloomers had higher than other students

  .claimed this showed a different set of expectations and treatment of identified students on behalf of teachers

  .lead to focus on teacher expectations
• Summarise the Rosenhan Field Experiment

  .researchers presented themselves to mental hospitals saying they have been hearing voices

  .each admitted with schizophrenia and once in hospital they began to act completely normally and stopped complaining of noises-but staff still treated them as they were mentally ill

  .found it was the label not the behaviour that lead to them being treated this way
• What are some strengths of Lab Experiments

  .variables can be controlled

  .detached unbiased methods

  .easier to replicate

  .qualitative data-find social facts
• What are the strengths of Field Experiments

  .control many variables

  .reliability-has standardised procedures

  .qualitative data-social facts
• What are the Limitations of Lab experiments

  .Hawthorne effect-can impact validity

  .often unethical because of deception and lack of informed consent

  .caused harm on participant

  .lack of representativeness-small sample

  .cant get verstehen, cant discover meanings and motives
• What are the Limitations of Field Experiments

  .cant always control the variables

  .Hawthorne effect

  .Unethical-deception,informed consent,harm

  .lack or representativeness-small sample

  .cant achieve verstehen- wont discover meanings and motives
• What are the issues with Milgram experiment

  .Practical-time,money and funding,

  .Ethical-decpetion,informed consent,protection from harm

  .Reliability-standardised procedure so can repeat easily

  .Representativeness-low as was a small sample

  .Validity-high, gives rich detailed data about why Nazi soldiers followed orders
• What are the issues with the Bandura experiment

  .Ethical-informed consent,long term harm to children,could become aggressive

  .Reliable-good reliability-standardised procedure so easily repeated

  .Represntativeness-low,cant generalise as a hammer on dolls is nothing like real life aggression

  .Validity-low as they used artifical forms of violence
• What are the issues of the Zimbardo experiment

  .Practical-safety of prisoners

  .Ethical-informed consent,deception,protection from harm

  .Reliable-can be easily replicated as it was a standardised procedure

  .Validty-gave rich detailed data as didn't have hawthorne effect

  .Representative-can generalise
• What are some issues with the Rosenthal and Jacobsen

  .Practical-Gatekeepers

  .Ethical-Deception to teachers,informed consent,impact on other children

  .Representativeness-small sample so cant reflect whole of population

  .Validity-no Hawthorne effect as they didnt know it was happening

  .Reliability-yes it id a standardised procedure
• What are the issues of Rosenham experiment

  .Practical-expensive,time consuming

  .Ethical-potential harm as people couldve accidently taken medication,decpetion

  .Representativeness-no as small sample
• What are the issues of Wood et al experiment

  .Reliable-easy to replicate

  .Validity-found truth of recruitment practices

  .Ethical-no ethical issues,not directly affecting

  .Practical-cheap,quick,dont need access-no gatekeepers,easy analysis of quantitative data,had fundiing-easily accessed
• Summarise the Pail Piff et al Experiment

  .Watched a dice being rolled randomly 5 times and asked to add up 5 rolls,and told the higher their scores the greater their chance of winning $50 prize

  .roles werent random, and always added to 12,those who reported their scores were higher than 12 were upper class participants-ones who lied and chested were upper class participants

  .upper class drivers were more selfish and uncaring than those lower down the social scale