Chapter 12 ALKANES

• What are alkanes classified as?

  Saturated hydrocarbons
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  $C_nH_{2n+2}$
• What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

  $C_nH_{2n}$
• How does the size of a molecule affect induced dipole-dipole forces?

  Bigger molecules have more induced forces bec of larger electron clouds
• What effect does larger electron clouds have on boiling points?

  They increase boiling points
• Why do branched hydrocarbons have lower boiling points?

  They can't pack closely, weakening forces
• What does incomplete combustion of alkanes produce?

  Carbon monoxide and soot
• What initiates the production of radicals in a reaction?

  Visible light or UV light
• What is the propagation step in radical reactions?

  Radicals combine with non-radicals to form radicals
• What occurs during the termination step of radical reactions?

  Two radicals form a non-radical
• What can occur further in free radical substitution reactions?

  Multiple substitutions can occur
• What can isomers be formed from?

  Different structural arrangements of compounds