A01

• Define psychology

  The scientific study of the human mind and its function
• Define Cartesian dualism

  The mind and body are independent from each other
• Who believed in Cartesian dualism?

  Renee Descartes
• How did Cartesian dualism form the philosophical basis of psychology?

  It suggested that the mind could be a subject of study in its own right
• What is empiricism?

  All experiences are gained through senses
• Whose belief of empiricism formed the basis for the behaviourist approach?

  John Locke
• Which approach did Charles Darwin's theory of evolution form the basis of?

  Biological approach
• Who is known as the founder of psychology?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• When and where did Wundt open the first experimental lab for psychology?

  In 1879 in Leipzig Germany
• Define introspection

  The first systematic experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking down conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations
• State one criticism of introspection

  The data produced from it was too subjective and not objective
• Who criticised introspection?

  John Watson
• What did Watson say psychology should focus on in order to be truly scientific?

  Observable and measurable behaviour
• Describe how John Watson's criticism of introspection led to psychology becoming more scientific

  - behaviourists made use of controlled lab experiments to study phenomena which produced objective data

  - cognitive psychologists made use of inference in order to scientifically study mental processes

  - biological psychologists utilised the advances in technology, such as the development of brain scanning techniques (e.g. fMRI, EEG) which allowed live brain activity to be investigated