Political

• Liverpool city council + National government = 'Merseyside Development Cooperation' (1980s) = regeneration of docks = European capital of culture 2008
• Tate Liverpool encourages tourism, art and culture; again, this rebranding happened around the docks
• The EU provided structural investment funds to encourage new sectors of the Liverpool economy e.g. 'Low carbon sector' via large offshore wind farms in Liverpool bay
• Regardless of the investment from the EU, many residents of Toxteth don't have the capabilities and qualifications to access new service industries or 'knowledge economy' jobs