Interactionist approach

• What factors are acknowledged in the development of schizophrenia?

  Biological, psychological, and societal factors
• What do biological factors in schizophrenia include?

  Genetic vulnerability and neurochemical abnormalities
• What psychological factor is mentioned in the development of schizophrenia?

  Stress
• What does the diathesis-stress model explain?

  • Vulnerability to schizophrenia is necessary
  • Stress triggers the onset of the condition
  • Underlying factors increase vulnerability
• What is the role of stress in the diathesis-stress model?

  It triggers the onset of schizophrenia
• What was Meehl’s model's original diathesis based on?

  It was entirely genetic
• What characteristic is associated with the biologically based schizotypic personality?

  Sensitivity to stress
• What happens if a person does not have the schizogene?

  No amount of stress leads to schizophrenia
• How can chronic stress affect carriers of the schizogene?

  It can lead to the development of schizophrenia
• What is the modern understanding of diathesis in schizophrenia?

  • Many genes increase vulnerability slightly
  • No single schizogene exists
  • Psychological trauma can also be a diathesis
• What did Read et al propose about early trauma?

  It alters the developing brain
• What system can be over-active due to early trauma?

  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system
• How is stress defined in the modern understanding of schizophrenia?

  Anything that risks triggering schizophrenia
• What role does cannabis play in relation to schizophrenia?

  It increases the risk of schizophrenia
• By how much can cannabis increase the risk of schizophrenia?

  Up to seven times
• How does cannabis affect the dopamine system?

  It interferes with the dopamine system
• What does the interactionist model of treatment for schizophrenia acknowledge?

  • Both biological and psychological factors
  • Compatible with various treatment methods
  • Combines antipsychotic medication and therapies
• What is the benefit of combining biological practices with CBT according to Turkington et al?

  It relieves psychological symptoms
• Is it common to treat schizophrenia with psychological therapies alone?

  No, it is unusual
• What is a strength of the interactionist model regarding vulnerability and triggers?

  • Evidence supports the role of both
  • Tienari et al's study on genetic vulnerability
  • Family-related stress is significant
• What did Tienari et al investigate?

  The combination of genetic vulnerability and parenting style
• What was implicated in the development of schizophrenia in Tienari et al's study?

  High criticism and low empathy in parenting
• What does the limitation of the original diathesis-stress model highlight?

  It is over-simple
• What is now known about the sources of vulnerability and stress?

  They do not have a single source
• What is a strength of combining treatments for schizophrenia?

  • Support for effectiveness of combinations
  • Tarrier et al's study on treatment groups
  • Combination groups showed lower symptom levels
• What did Tarrier et al's study find about treatment groups?

  Combination groups had lower symptom levels
• What was the outcome regarding hospital submissions in Tarrier et al's study?

  No difference in hospital submissions
• What does the interactionist approach provide in terms of treatment outcomes?

  Superior treatment outcomes